Differential osteogenic activity of osteoprogenitor cells on HA and TCP/HA scaffold of tissue engineered bone

Abstract

Biomaterial, an essential component of tissue engineering, serves as a scaffold for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation; provides the three dimensional (3D) structure and, in some applications, the mechanical strength required for the engineered tissue. Both synthetic and naturally occurring calcium phosphate based biomaterial have been used as bone fillers or bone extenders in orthopedic and reconstructive surgeries. This study aims to evaluate two popular calcium phosphate based biomaterial i.e., hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (TCP/HA) granules as scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering. In our strategy for constructing tissue engineered bone, human osteoprogenitor cells derived from periosteum were incorporated with human plasma-derived fibrin and seeded onto HA or TCP/HA forming 3D tissue constructs and further maintained in osteogenic medium for 4 weeks to induce osteogenic differentiation. Constructs were subsequently implanted intramuscularly in nude mice for 8 weeks after which mice were euthanized and constructs harvested for evaluation. The differential cell response to the biomaterial (HA or TCP/HA) adopted as scaffold was illustrated by the histology of undecalcified constructs and evaluation using SEM and TEM. Both HA and TCP/HA constructs showed evidence of cell proliferation, calcium deposition, and collagen bundle formation albeit lesser in the former. Our findings demonstrated that TCP/HA is superior between the two in early bone formation and hence is the scaffold material of choice in bone tissue engineering.

Neural‐differentiated mesenchymal stem cells incorporated into muscle stuffed vein scaffold forms a stable living nerve conduit

“…1 In addition to skin, researchers have also focused on other tissues such as bone 2 and cartilage. 3 The need for tissue substitutes increases when the injury involves tissues or organs which are difficult to regenerate, such as nerve tissue.…”

Advances in Regenerative Medicine

“…In this context, the bioengineering challenge become ambitious, since the complex cellbiomaterial interaction moves on multiple spatial and temporal scales. The microenvironmental cues, such as chemical environmental variables, are able to stimulate specific cellular responses at the molecular level already at early time points (Goshima, Goldberg et al 1991;Ohgushi, Dohi et al 1993;Fabbri, Celotti et al 1995;Kon, Muraglia et al 2000;Erbe, Marx et al 2001;Endres, Hutmacher et al 2003;Kasten, Luginbuhl et al 2003;Livingston, Gordon et al 2003;Niemeyer, Krause et al 2003;Arinzeh, Tran et al 2005;Kotobuki, Ioku et al 2005;Kondo, Ogose et al 2006;Fan, Ikoma et al 2007;Mygind, Stiehler et al 2007;Gigante, Manzotti et al 2008;Ng, Tan et al 2008;Bernhardt, Lode et al 2009;Saldana, Sanchez-Salcedo et al 2009). For example, ceramic scaffolds (i.e.…”

Untitled

“…TCP and silicatebased bioceramics are better biodegradable materials than HA. Regarding bone regeneration capacity, the efficacy of scaffold products containing parts of these materials has been improved consequently 7,12,13 . For an HA/TCP hybrid surface, the ionic micro-environment established by partial dissolution of calcium phosphate from TCP crystals has been found optimal for apatite layer formation, which is appropriate for cell attachment, migration, and growth 7 .…”