Differential pathogenicity of SHIV_{SF162 P4} infection in pig‐tailed and rhesus macaques

Abstract

Background Differential pathogenicity has been observed in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques following primate lentivirus infection. However, little is known about the comparative susceptibility of pig-tailed macaques to lentivirus infection and diseases. Methods We compared the in vivo infectivity and pathogenicity of a CCR5-tropic SHIVSF162 P4 after intravenous, intravaginal or intrarectal inoculation in rhesus and pig-tailed macaques. Plasma viral load, peripheral blood CD4+ T cell counts and clinical signs were monitored. Results Both rhesus and pig-tailed macaques are similarly susceptible to SHIVSF162 P4 infection by intravenous and mucosal routes. However, SHIV replication was significantly more robust in pig-tailed macaques than in rhesus, resulting in persistent viremia in 9/21 pig-tails vs. 2/24 rhesus (p<0.013) and severe CD4+ T-cell depletion in 2/21 pig-tails (vs. none in rhesus). Conclusions Together with earlier observations, our findings underscore the importance of considering host genetic and immunological factors when comparing vaccine efficacy in different macaque species.

Pathogenic Consequences of Vaginal Infection with CCR5-Tropic Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV SF162P3N

“…or i.r. routes (3,14,43,45). Our findings of reduced risk of infection (Table 1), slower dissemination ( Fig.…”

Neutralizing Polyclonal IgG Present during Acute Infection Prevents Rapid Disease Onset in Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV SF162P3 -Infected Infant Rhesus Macaques

“…Juvenile macaques treated during acute SIV infection with high-dose neutralizing polyclonal IgG purified from SIV-infected macaques (SIVIG) developed NAbs and polyfunctional CD4 ϩ T cells and controlled viremia (20,21). However, because infection of juvenile or adult macaques with SHIVs that utilize the chemokine receptor CCR5 typically results in well-controlled postacute viremia (22,23), it has not been possible to determine the effects of NAbs upon disease progression.…”

Antibody-Mediated Protection against Mucosal Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge of Macaques Immunized with Alphavirus Replicon Particles and Boosted with Trimeric Envelope Glycoprotein in MF59 Adjuvant

“…In the studies described here, vaccines were delivered to rhesus macaques that were subsequently challenged by SHIV SF162P4 by the intrarectal route (40). Two recombinant VRP preparations encoding SIV mac239 GagPol and HIV SF162 were used to immunize macaques using regimens that employed either mucosal (i.r.…”

“…route. The SHIV SF162P4 challenge stock was obtained from Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc. (Kensington, MD) and has been described previously (40). All immunizations and sample collections were performed on anesthetized macaques.…”