Differential prediction and postdiction of win-lose events in a spatial generalization problem.

Visual and motor components of an experimentally induced position preference in multiple probability learning.

“…In a previous experiment (Simon, 1964) involving multiple probability learning, the author discovered an unexpected and highly significant position preference (pp) induced by the experiment. The procedure required 5s to predict the outcome of "horse races" by pressing one of two keys.…”

“…Method.-The apparatus was identical to that used previously (Simon, 1964). However, in the previous study the white signal light sat above and between both feedback lights; in the present study, the boxes were rotated so that both feedback lights were either to the left or right of the signal light.…”

“…Each S was given those instructions that kept the ownership of the horses anonymous, and are presented in detail in the previous study (Simon, 1964). In essence, 5 was told that when the white light came on, it meant that that horse was running in a race and he was to predict whether it won or lost by pressing the appropriate button.…”

“…As a check on the generality of this finding the data from the previous study (Simon, 1964) was reanalyzed in terms of the difference scores between the end horses. That study had a Preferred Left group (PL) and a Preferred Right group (PR), comparable to the present ML-VL and MR-VR groups, respectively, with 20 5s in each group.…”