Differential processing of proenkephalin-A by human peripheral blood monocytes and T lymphocytes.

Kuis, Wietse; Villiger, Peter M.; Leser, H. G.; Lotz, Martin

doi:10.1172/jci115382

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the present study, we did not find any correlation between the enk level and the histological changes. Previously, it has been shown that enkephalin synthesis is upregulated mainly in activated mononuclear cells [4, 24, 25]. Therefore, the lacking correlation might indicate that the production of enkephalin ceases before the infiltrating cells disappear from the skin and before the epidermal changes are normalized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, we have shown that enkephalin-like immunoreactivity is present in CD68-positive cells infiltrating psoriatic lesions [7]. Furthermore, opioid peptides, including enkephalin have been shown in mononuclear leukocytes in inflamed tissues [1, 2, 3, 4, 7], in epidermal keratinocytes in normal skin and in various skin diseases [5, 6]. Therefore, the decrease in enk levels after local treatment with calcipotriol and mometasone furoate might result from a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells and/or in the number of proliferating epidermal keratinocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Opioid peptides can be produced and released in peripheral tissues. Thus, opioid peptides can be detected in mononuclear leukocytes of inflamed tissues [1, 2, 3, 4], epidermal keratinocytes [5, 6]and CD68-positive cells [7]. Earlier, we have shown that the levels of methionine-enkephalin (enk) are increased in psoriatic skin, assessed both as the number of immunocompetent cells containing enk and the amount of immunoreactive enkephalin [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decrease in Enkephalin Levels in Psoriatic Lesions after Calcipotriol and Mometasone Furoate Treatment

Nissen

Avrach²,

Hansen³

et al. 1999

Dermatology

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Background: Enkephalins are opioid peptides that can modulate immune responses and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, they inhibit keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation in vitro. Previously, we have shown that enkephalins are present in increased amounts in lesional psoriasis. Objective: To determine the effect of topical treatment with the vitamin D analogue calcipotriol and the corticosteroid mometasone furoate on the level of methionine-enkephalin (enk) in psoriatic lesions. Methods: Twelve psoriatic patients were treated with calcipotriol and mometasone furoate for 14 days without or with hydrocolloid occlusion. Keratome biopsies were obtained from treated and untreated skin, and the extracted enk was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Furthermore, punch biopsies were obtained for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Clinically, both calcipotriol and mometasone furoate improved psoriasis to the same degree, the effects being more pronounced after occlusion. Histologically, treatment with mometasone furoate without occlusion decreased both the epidermal thickness/parakeratosis and the number of dermal immunocompetent cells (CD3- and CD68-positive cells). In contrast, treatment with calcipotriol without occlusion reduced the epidermal thickness and the degree of parakeratosis but decreased the number of CD3- and CD68-positive cells only slightly. The mean enk level was decreased by 26 and 86% by calcipotriol without and with occlusion and by 16 and 63% by mometasone furoate without and with occlusion, respectively. The decreases in the enk levels corresponded to the degree of clinical improvement but not to the histological changes. Conclusion: The increased levels of enk in psoriatic lesions are reduced in parallel with the clinical improvement induced by a topical vitamin D analogue and a corticosteroid. Because enkephalins can modulate epidermal differentiation and inflammatory processes, the findings indicate that enkephalins may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decrease in Enkephalin Levels in Psoriatic Lesions after Calcipotriol and Mometasone Furoate Treatment

Nissen

Avrach²,

Hansen³

et al. 1999

Dermatology

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“…11 In addition to their expression in neural tissues, PEA and its derived peptides are also expressed in a variety of immune cells as monocytes/macrophages, T lymphocytes, and mast cells. 12 It appears that enkephalins and more particularly, methioninenkephalin (ME) modulates immunocyte chemotaxis 13 and cytokine secretion. 14,15 For example, ME stimulates interleukin 6 (IL-6) liberation by human monocytes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of chromogranin-derived antimicrobial peptides in plasma during coronary artery bypass surgery and evidence of an immune origin of these peptides

Tasiemski

Hammad

Vandenbulcke

et al. 2002

Blood

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Chromogranin A (CGA) and chromogranin B (CGB) are acidic proteins stored in secretory organelles of endocrine cells and neurons. In addition to their roles as helper proteins in the packaging of pep-tides, they may serve as prohormones to generate biologically active peptides such as vasostatin-1 and secretolytin. These molecules derived from CGA and CGB, respectively, possess antimicrobial properties. The present study demonstrates that plasmatic levels of both vasostatin-1 and secretolytin increase during surgery in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Vasostatin-1 and secretoly-tin, initially present in plasma at low levels , are released just after skin incision. Consequently, they can be added to enk-elytin, an antibacterial peptide derived from proenkephalin A, for the panoply of components acting as a first protective barrier against hypothetical invasion of pathogens, which may occur during surgery. CGA and CGB, more commonly viewed as markers for endocrine and neuronal cells, were also found to have an immune origin. RNA messengers coding for CGB were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in human monocytes, and immunocyto-chemical analysis by confocal micros-copy revealed the presence of CGA or CGB or both in monocytes and neutro-phils. A combination of techniques including confocal microscopic analysis, mass spectrometry measurement, and antibac-terial tests allowed for the identification of the positive role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the secretolytin release from mono-cytes in vitro. Because IL-6 release is known to be strongly enhanced during CPB, we suggest a possible relationship between IL-6 and the increased level of secretolytin in patients undergoing CPB. (Blood. 2002;100:553-559)

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“…Previous data from animal studies suggest an association with food restriction [2,3] and stress [4,5] . ppE has also been described in peripheral tissues such as the adrenal medulla, testes, kidney, heart muscle, liver, muscle and many more [6,7] , as well as in a wide variety of cells in the immune system, including T cells [8,9] , B cells [10] and monocytes [9] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preproenkephalin Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Acutely Underweight and Recovered Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

Weiss¹,

Infante-Duarte

Salbach‐Andrae³

et al. 2010

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: The prohormone preproenkephalin (ppE) and its derived peptides are involved in leukocyte functioning as well as in the regulation of hunger and satiety. Various abnormalities of the immune and endocrine systems have been described in states of malnutrition such as anorexia nervosa (AN). We hypothesized that ppE expression in AN patients may vary depending on the state of the disorder and the extent of malnutrition. Methods: Expression of ppE mRNA was analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 29 underweight and 29 weight-recovered patients with AN and compared to that in 29 healthy control women. The extent of malnutrition was characterized by BMI and plasma leptin. Psychological distress and eating disorder specific-psychopathology was determined with the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and the Eating Disorders Inventory-2. Results: ppE gene expression was similar in all 3 groups and was not related to nutritional status or eating disorder symptoms. However, a significant negative correlation was found between ppE expression and obsessive-compulsive, depressive and anxious symptoms. In addition, ppE expression was higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. Conclusion:Although malnutrition and hypoleptinaemia as seen in patients with AN were not related to peripheral ppE expression, we demonstrated reduced ppE expression in patients with elevated psychological distress. Similar associations have been shown in animal models of stress. It remains speculative if psychological symptoms and/or stress may augment immune abnormalities in AN patients via a pathway that is independent of nutritional status and involves ppE.

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Differential processing of proenkephalin-A by human peripheral blood monocytes and T lymphocytes.

Cited by 41 publications

References 29 publications

Decrease in Enkephalin Levels in Psoriatic Lesions after Calcipotriol and Mometasone Furoate Treatment

Decrease in Enkephalin Levels in Psoriatic Lesions after Calcipotriol and Mometasone Furoate Treatment

Presence of chromogranin-derived antimicrobial peptides in plasma during coronary artery bypass surgery and evidence of an immune origin of these peptides

Preproenkephalin Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Acutely Underweight and Recovered Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

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