Differential protein expression in primary breast cancer and matched axillary node metastasis

Abstract

Abstract. Axillary lymph node (Aln) metastasis is a key step of tumor progression in breast cancer and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. However, the mechanisms of this process are not well understood. proteomic technologies have led to identification of specific protein markers and a better understanding of the cellular processes. to explore this, differential protein expression was analyzed between nodepositive breast carcinoma and node-negative breast carcinoma (11 samples) and between primary breast carcinoma and matched metastatic ALN (five pairs) using a combination of 2D-sDs-pAge and lc-Mc/Ms. of the total 678 protein spots, 19 proteins were up-regulated and 3 proteins were down-regulated in node-positive breast carcinomas compared to node-negative breast carcinomas. Four up-regulated proteins were identified, namely Annexin 5, carbonic anhydrase I, peroxiredoxin 6 and proteasome α2 subunit. For proteins altered in metastatic Aln compared to primary tumors, 6 of 14 up-regulated proteins were identified: heat shock 70 kDa protein 5, protein disulfide isomerase, prolyl 4-hydroxylase β subunit precursor, lactate dehydrogenase B, triosephosphate isomerase 1 and β-tubulin and 5 of 23 down-regulated proteins were identified including 90 kDa heat shock protein, chain A apo-human serum transferrin, chain A α1-antitrypsin, enolase 1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Immunohistochemistry showed stronger immunostaining for β-tubulin in metastatic Aln compared to primary breast tumor. All of the identified proteins function in various processes involved in cell survival and growth. our results suggest that these processes are critical for tumor progression and metastasis and the proteins identified could be candidate markers of clinical usefulness.

Mitochondrial proteomics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis

“…This result was consistent with the results of other research groups: PRDX6 expressions were increased in node-positive breast carcinoma samples compared with node-negative breast carcinoma samples [19]; enzymatic activities of PRDX6 in lung cancer cells metastasis [20]; over-expression of PRDX6 led to a more invasive phenotype and metastatic potential in human breast cancer [21]. Over-expression of PRDX6 is on the one hand to strengthen the peroxidase activity of a cell to reduce peroxidants such as H 2 O 2 and hydroperoxides for the relief of oxidative stress.…”

The role of peroxiredoxins in cancer

“…PRDX6 has been reported to be implicated in the development and progression of several human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (137), Parkinson's dementia (138), diabetes (139), cataractogenesis (140) and cancer. Concerning the neoplastic diseases, elevated levels of PRDX6 have been described in breast cancer (141), in malignant mesothelioma (67), in bladder cancer (61), in esophageal cancer (142), in lung (143), ovarian (87) and pancreas (144) cancer, in cancer of the gingivo-buccal area (145), and in lymphoma (146). Elevated expression levels of PRDX6 have been associated with a more invasive phenotype and metastatic potential of breast cancer (147), and with a worse prognosis of clinically localized prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy (148).…”

Delay among women reporting symptoms of Breast cancer

“…Several studies have proved that about 25% of patients (one in four women with breast cancer) delay more than three months before presenting to a health professional (6,7). On the other hand some other studies have shown a range of 19% to 32% for patient delay (8)(9)(10). However the extent of patient delay can be different in different places.…”