Differential protein expression in Spirometra erinacei according to its development in its final host

Abstract

This study was undertaken to identify genes involved in the growth and development of Spirometra erinacei larvae, an intestinal tapeworm of cats and dogs, within the final host. The differential protein expression at three different stages of S. erinacei, the plerocercoid larvae, 8-day-old juveniles, and adults, was compared using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Specifically or highly expressed proteins in juvenile worms were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MS)/MS. The proteome map of larvae showed fewer protein spots than juveniles or adults, whereas juveniles or adults revealed a similar protein expression profile. Eight juvenile-specific and five upregulated proteins of juveniles were identified and matched to proteins of known biological functions. These were grouped into several categories of functionally related proteins: DNA/RNA metabolism, cell trafficking, cytoskeleton, protein processing and degradation, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. Our results give an overview of the growth and development mechanisms of cestodes within the final host and extend our understanding of parasite biology in the host-parasite relationship.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Hymenolepis diminuta Cysticercoid and Adult Stages

“…In the paper by Kim et al ( 2009 ), differential protein expression of three different stages of S. erinacei (plerocercoid metacestode, pre-strobilated juveniles, and adults) was compared. They observed differences in expression of energy-metabolism enzymes.…”

“…The other identified proteins are involved in a wide range of biological functions. Kim et al ( 2009 ) observed that thioredoxin family proteins are highly expressed only in pre-strobilated juvenile worms of S. erinacei . This protein plays important roles in protection from reactive oxygen species produced by host inflammatory cells.…”

“…Similar to our study of cysticercoids and adults, the study by Cui et al ( 2013 ) actually compared hydatid metacestodes with adults and did not distinguish adult from larval oncosphere/hexacanth proteins. Similarly, Kim et al ( 2009 ) compared juvenile and adult S. erinacei without distinction of the oncospheres contained within the adult. “Adult” cestode tissue in the definitive host actually contains oncosphere/hexacanth larval material from the next genetically distinct generation.…”

“…With cestodes, analyses have been performed mainly on metacestode stages of Taeniidae recovered from infected animals or humans, predominantly Echinococcus granulosus (Chemale et al, 2003 ; Monteneiro et al, 2010 ; Aziz et al, 2011 ; Virginio et al, 2012 ), Echinococcus multilocularis (Wang et al, 2009 ; Kosik-Bogacka et al, 2014 ), and Taenia solium (Nguyen et al, 2010 ; Santivañez et al, 2010 ). Among other representatives of Cestoda, limited proteomic studies were conducted only for Spirometra erinacei (Kim et al, 2009 ) and Mesocestoides corti (Laschuk et al, 2011 ). The aforementioned studies, however, focused mainly on only one developmental stage from among the three or more stages present in the tapeworm lifecycle.…”

Serodiagnosis of experimental sparganum infections of mice and human sparganosis by ELISA using ES antigens of Spirometra mansoni spargana

“…The ES antigens of living plerocercoids can induce a strong humoral response involving the generation of specific antibodies and may be very important for serodiagnosis as they are easily targeted by the immune system. In addition, the antigenic composition of sparganum from different hosts (snakes or mice) were different (Yang 2004), and the differential proteins were expressed at different development stages in its host (Kim et al 2009). Hence, we firstly inoculated into mice with spargana collected from wild frogs, then prepared the ES antigens with the spargana recovered from the infected mice.…”