Differential Rates of Development of Heterotic and Nonheterotic Young Maize Seedlings, I. Correlation of Differential Morphological Development With Physiological Differences in Germinating Seeds

Gibberellins: A Phytohormonal Basis for Heterosis in Maize

“…Systemic changes during inflammation such as increased acute-phase protein synthesis and fever probably represent action of these cytokines on liver and hypothalamus. Interleukin-i (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were the first monocyte-derived cytokines shown to properties in immunity and inflammation (3,4).…”

“…(ii) The endogenous GA-like substances have been quantified by bioassay from two inbreds and their heterotic hybrid (3), and significantly higher concentrations of GA-like activity were observed in the hybrid over a sequence of harvests (3). (iii) Heterosis for early seedling growth of maize is frequently observed (4,5), and the rapid production ofhydrolytic enzymes such as aamylase and protease is essential to provide respiratory substrates for this heterosis of early seedling growth (4,6). GAs participate in regulating the levels of hydrolytic enzymes, in germinating cereal seeds and young seedlings (7), and this argument for the relation between GAs, hydrolytic enzymes, and heterosis for seedling growth was independently proposed by Paleg (8) and by Sarkissian et al (4).…”

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Embryos between a Maize Hybrid and Its Parental Lines during Early Stages of Seed Germination

“…In maize, F 1 hybrid seeds have a superior germination capacity as compared to their parental inbred lines, and hybrid vigor in maize is detectable at early stages of germination [19]. Studies have also indicated that vigorous growth of the embryonic axis in germinating F 1 seed is related to a higher rate of RNA and protein synthesis [20].…”

Effect of Genetic Divergence of Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth.–Resistant Maize Inbred Lines on Heterosis and Hybrid Performance under Parasite Pressure

“…This may relate to the high levels of heterosis manifested in maize hybrids during germination, root system development, seedling emergence, and early seedling growth (Sarkissian et al, 1964;Mino, 1980;Hoecker et al, 2006). This may relate to the high levels of heterosis manifested in maize hybrids during germination, root system development, seedling emergence, and early seedling growth (Sarkissian et al, 1964;Mino, 1980;Hoecker et al, 2006).…”