Differential Reactivity of Copper- and Gold-Based Nanomaterials Controls Their Seasonal Biogeochemical Cycling and Fate in a Freshwater Wetland Mesocosm

Abstract

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Copper and Gold Nanoparticles Increase Nutrient Excretion Rates of Primary Consumers

“…XANES at Cu K-edge for P. acuta sampled in either ambient or enriched mesocosms in comparison with Kocide, Cu−carboxyl, and Cu−S references, as described in (Avellan et al, 2020). 40 Results of the linear combination analysis (LCA) of the P. acuta spectra are also presented along with their quality factor (R f ) as detailed in the Methods section. More details of Cu speciation can be found in the Supporting Information, and the references used as potential additional compounds for the LCA can be found in Figure S1.…”

“…The detailed mesocosm setup is found in the Supporting Information, section "Mesocosm Setup", and has been previously reported. 5,38,40 In June 2015, we added the following organisms to the aquatic zone: rooted macrophyte (Egeria densa), aquatic snails (P. acuta and Lymnaea sp. ), and eastern mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki).…”

“…The ICP−MS methods are detailed in the Supporting Information, section "ICP−MS Methods", and were previously described from this mesocosm experiment. 38,40 Cu speciation was measured on the dried powder of soft tissues that was kept under a N 2 atmosphere. Prior to analysis, the powder was homogenized, pressed into 6 mm pellets, and sealed with Kapton tape.…”

“…Additional beamline, sample information, and LCF modeling are detailed in the Supporting Information, section "Cu Speciation", and were previously described from this mesocosm experiment. 38,40 Background water nutrient concentrations (NH 3 −N and PO 4 −P) were measured in 25 replicates of filtered, control mesocosm water that was not exposed to snails. Ammonia was determined using the phenolate method and phosphorus was determined using the molybdate colorimetric method and on a Lachat QuikChem 8500 flow-injection autoanalyzer.…”

How Microbial Biofilms Control the Environmental Fate of Engineered Nanoparticles?

“…Similarly, in freshwater pond mesocosms contaminated with Ce ENPs, metals speciation and redox reactions were associated with the benthic (micro)biota activity and were not measured in the surrounding natural matrices (Tella et al, 2014). A protein storage mechanism for Cu ENPs was also proposed to explain the transformation of Cu(OH) 2 nanopesticide in Cu-S, and Cu-O/N-R products in plant tissues (Avellan et al, 2020). Changes in the redox state following interactions with the micro-organisms/macrophytes systems were also observed for CeO 2 ENPs, where up to 57% of the pristine Ce(IV) atoms were reduced to Ce(III).…”