Differential regulation of protein synthesis by skeletal muscle type in chickens

Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation to a Low-Protein Diet on the Growth Performance and Protein Metabolism-related Factors in Broiler Chicks

“…IGF-1 produced in the liver plays an important role in chicken growth[ 55 ]. IGF-1 in the thigh muscles may contribute to protein synthesis via the Akt/S6 pathway in chicks[ 20 ]. An extremely deficient LP diet (CP 12.15%) suppresses growth and decreases plasma IGF-1 concentrations in broiler chicks compared to those fed a high protein diet (CP 21.58%)[ 56 ].…”

“…For example, the PM of heavy broiler chicks expresses high mRNA levels of IGF-1 and pro-myogenic genes, and low mRNA levels of anti-myogenic genes[ 19 ]. We suggest that IGF-1 in thigh muscles contributes to protein synthesis via the protein kinase B (Akt)/ribosomal protein 6 (S6) pathway in chicks[ 20 ]. Dietary methionine supplementation increases IGF-1 protein and mRNA levels in breast muscle and the relative weight of whole breast muscle in broilers with low hatching weights[ 21 ].…”

miRNA-seq analysis in skeletal muscle of chicken and function exploration of miR-24-3p

“…At present, some researches have been performed for chicken muscle development, but most focused on mRNAs. Some of them promote muscle development including myogenic regulatory factors ( MRFs ) ( Mok et al, 2015 ), insulin-like growth factor 1/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF-I/IGF-IR ) ( Trouten-Radford et al, 1991 ; Roelfsema et al, 2018 ; Saneyasu et al, 2019 ), paired box 7 ( PAX7 ) ( Kansal et al, 2019 ) and myocyte enhancer factor 2 family (MEF2) ( Ouyang, et al, 2020 ), while others inhibit skeletal muscle growth such as myostatin ( MSTN ) ( Liu et al, 2016 ). Studies have also revealed that noncoding RNAs are also very important.…”