Differential regulation of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFβ, and IL-10 by pentoxifylline

Highlights:· Significant anti-bacterial and antioxidant activity displayed by crude extract of Leucosidea sericea and isolated compound. · Electron microscopy studies proved the lethal effects of plant extract and compound 5 on the cells of P. acnes. 2 Graphical abstractAntibacterial bioassay of ethanol extract of Leucosidea sericea and isolated compounds against Propionibacterium acnes. · AbstractThe present study reports on the potential of Leucosidea sericea addressing acne vulgaris.Four known compounds namely, phytol acetate, triacontanol, phytol and alpha kosin and one new compound namely, (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylheptadec-2-ene-1,1 7-diol have been isolated for the first time from this plant. The ethanol extract of leaves and one of the isolated compounds, alpha kosin exhibited significant minimum inhibitory concentration (with MIC values 15.7 and 1.9 µg/mL, respectively) against acne inducing bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes. Moreover, the transmission electron micrographs showed the efflux of intracellular content of the cells of P. acnes caused by plant extract and alpha kosin. The ethanol extract of L. sericea exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing interleukin 8 (IL 8) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF α) in coculture of human U937 cells and heat killed P.acnes at concentrations of 25.0, 12.5 and 6.2 µg/mL.

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“…release (D'Hellencourt et al, 1996). As shown in Fig 3b, our results were in agreement with other researchers.…”

Section: (A) (B)supporting

confidence: 93%

The potential of Leucosidea sericea against Propionibacterium acnes

Sharma

Kishore

Hussein

et al. 2014

Phytochemistry Letters

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“…They were reached at 5 h (IL-10 and MIP-1␣), 12 h (IL-1␤ and RANTES), or 24 h (TNF-␣). While IL-1␤, IL-10, and MIP-1␣ declined rapidly thereafter, elevated concentration of TNF-␣ and RANTES persisted for the whole observation period of 48 h. Rapid appearance of PMPA-induced IL-10 is in contrast with its delayed secretion with respect to secretion of many other cytokines, including TNF-␣, that are induced by various immune stimuli like lipopolysaccharide (39). It has been found that 30-to 60-min pulsing of macrophages with PMPA is sufficient to trigger the production of cytokines (TNF-␣ and RANTES).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Activation by 9-(R)-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)Propyl]Adenine of Chemokine (RANTES, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1α) and Cytokine (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin-10 [IL-10], IL-1β) Production

Zı́dek

Franková

Holý

2001

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Development of a novel group of antiviral agents, acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, has provided a new perspective for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. One of the compounds, 9-(R)-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (PMPA) (tenofovir), has been shown to confer complete protection against AIDS in a simian model of the infection. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the antiviral efficacy of PMPA, which depends mainly on inhibition of virus-induced DNA polymerase or of reverse transcriptase, could be contributed by immunomodulatory potential of this drug. We screened for its ability to activate production of cytokines and chemokines that are known to interfere with the replication and/or the entry of HIV in cells. Using the in vitro test system of mouse macrophages and lymphocytes, it has been found that PMPA stimulates macrophage secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Production of the chemokines RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α was activated in both macrophages and lymphocytes, and also in human cell line U937. Other cytokines—i.e., IL-2, IL-12, IL-13, and gamma interferon—remained uninfluenced by PMPA. The cytokines were stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion, with rapid onset, and peak concentrations were achieved within 5 to 24 h. The findings contribute to a more complex understanding of mechanisms of antiviral effectiveness of PMPA and support the view that this drug could become a promising candidate for therapeutic exploitation in anti-HIV preventive medicine.

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“…Pentoxifylline increases erythrocyte flexibility, reduces blood viscosity, increases microcirculatory flow and tissue perfusion and decreases the potential for platelet aggregation and thrombus formation [3,4]. It has been reported that pentoxifylline might also influence the function of immune cells and the production of cytokines [5,6]. Interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are proinflammatory cytokines involved in inflammatory diseases in humans including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft-vs-host disease and many others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is exemplified by increased leukocyte deformability and chemotaxis, decreased endothelial leukocyte 6 adhesion, neutrophil degranulation, TNF-α production and NK cell activity [5,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%