Differential release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the amygdala during different types of stressors

Hand, Gregory A.; Hewitt, Christopher B; Fulk, L J.; Stock, Howard S.; Carson, James A.; Davis, John M.; Wilson, Marlene A.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02972-4

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, it should be also taken into account that c-fos is not an universal marker of neuronal activation (Hofman and Lyo, 2002) and that enhanced expression of CRF gene has been often observed after emotional stress in the CeA (Hsu et al, 1998;Makino et al, 1999;Funk et al, 2006; but also see Helmreich et al, 1999 for negative results). The present data does not preclude an important role of CeA CRF during stress considering that stress-induced release of CRF in this area has been observed by microdialysis (Merlo Pich et al, 1995;Merali et al, 1998Merali et al, , 2004Cook, 2002Cook, , 2004Hand et al, 2002), although this CRF could have been released from CRF terminal densely innervating the CeA rather than from intraCeA CRFergic neurons. In the PVNmpd, most FLI after exposure to IMO corresponded to CRF+ neurons, whereas in the PVNsm only 21% of activated neurons were CRF+.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Differential effects of stress and amphetamine administration on Fos‐like protein expression in corticotropin releasing factor‐neurons of the rat brain

Rotllant

Nadal

Armario

2007

Developmental Neurobiology

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Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) appears to be critical for the control of important aspects of the behavioral and physiological response to stressors and drugs of abuse. However, the extent to which the different brain CRF neuronal populations are similarly activated after stress and drug administration is not known. We then studied, using double immunohistochemistry for CRF and Fos protein, stress and amphetamine-induced activation of CRF neurons in cortex, central amygdala (CeA), medial parvocellular dorsal, and submagnocellular parvocellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVNmpd and PVNsm, respectively) and Barrington nucleus (Bar). Neither exposure to a novel environment (hole-board, HB) nor immobilization (IMO) increased Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the CeA, but they did to the same extent in cortical regions. In other regions only IMO increased FLI. HB and IMO both failed to activate CRF+ neurons in cortical areas, but after IMO, some neurons expressing FLI in the PVNsm and most of them in the PVNmpd and Bar were CRF+. Amphetamine administration increased FLI in cortical areas and CeA (with some CRF+ neurons expressing FLI), whereas the number of CRF+ neurons increased only in the PVNsm, in contrast to the effects of IMO. The present results indicate that stress and amphetamine elicited a distinct pattern of brain Fos-like protein expression and differentially activated some of the brain CRF neuronal populations, despite similar levels of overall FLI in the case of IMO and amphetamine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Differential effects of stress and amphetamine administration on Fos‐like protein expression in corticotropin releasing factor‐neurons of the rat brain

Rotllant

Nadal

Armario

2007

Developmental Neurobiology

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“…The amygdala (as part of the limbic system) plays an important role in emotions and is in tight connection with HPA axis regulation. Previous studies (4,25,30) strongly support the role of the amygdalar CRH system in behavioral and/or emotional responses to stress. The slightly and/or significantly enhanced intensity and extended area of the CRH mRNA signal in the CeA of the AVP-deficient and DM animals suggest that both the mutation-induced diabetes insipidus and DM might lead to a predisposition to anxiety or emotional imbalance (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, but not vasopressin, participates in chronic hyperactivity of the HPA axis in diabetic rats

Zelena¹,

Filaretova²,

Mergl³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Zelena, Dóra, Ludmila Filaretova, Zsuzsa Mergl, István Barna, Zsuzsanna E. Tóth, and Gábor B. Makara. Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, but not vasopressin, participates in chronic hyperactivity of the HPA axis in diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290: E243-E250, 2006. First published September 6, 2005 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00118.2005.-Diabetes mellitus (DM), as chronic stress activates the hypothalamopituitary-adrenocortical axis. We examined whether arginine vasopressin (AVP) and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) participate in DM-induced chronic stress symptoms. AVP-deficient Brattleboro or PVN-lesioned Wistar rats were used with heterozygous or sham-operated controls. The rats were studied 2 wk after a single injection of streptozotocin. The appearance of DM (enhanced water consumption and blood glucose elevation) and the chronic stress-like somatic changes (body weight decrease, thymus involution, adrenal gland hypertrophy) were not influenced by the lack of AVP. By contrast, PVN lesion significantly attenuated DM-induced thymus involution and adrenal gland hypertrophy as well as the increase in water consumption. The corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in PVN was diminished by DM and elevated by the lack of AVP without interaction. DM elevated the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in the anterior lobe of the pituitary. The lack of AVP had no effect, whereas lesioning the PVN significantly diminished the elevation. The elevated basal corticosterone plasma levels detectable in DM were influenced neither by the lack of AVP nor by lesioning the PVN. Thus the lack of AVP had no influence on DM-induced chronic stress symptoms, but lesioning the PVN attenuated part of them. However, the lack of elevation in POMC mRNA after PVN lesion, together with the maintained corticosterone elevation, suggests that direct adrenal gland activation occurs in untreated DM. chronic stress; Brattleboro rats; corticosterone; proopiomelanocortin; corticotropin-releasing hormone; diabetes mellitus; hypothalamopituitary-adrenocortical axis DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) is an endocrine disorder that is quite common in developed countries (17). Inadequate insulin secretion and insulin resistance with inadequate compensatory insulin release are the main reasons for DM development. The use of toxic agents that destroy ␤-cells in the pancreas and lead to insulin deficiency, such as streptozotocin (STZ), produces a model of DM in animals (36). The most frequent symptoms of DM are blood glucose level elevation, polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss. However, the long-term disorder can cause many other complications, including cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or renal ones.Long-term DM as a chronic stress may also induce a dysfunction of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. A tight connection between HPA axis activity and blood glucose regulation is well known (9, 12). The HPA axis is responsible for the production of glucocorticoids, which are important adaptive hormones. Glucocorticoid hormones participate...

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“…In addition to the PVN of hypothalamus, the amygdala also mediates neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral changes during stress [14,15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased expression level of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the amygdala and in the hypothalamus in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress

et al. 2010

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Objective Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays an important role in neuroendocrine, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressors. In the present study, the effect of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on CRH neurons was investigated in rat brain. Methods The rats were exposed to one of the stressors each day for 21 d. Immunostaining was performed to detect the CRH-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and in amygdala.Results After the stress protocol, the animals showed a reduction in body weight gain as well as reduced sucrose preference and locomotor activity. Interestingly, the CRH neurons in both PVN and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) were stimulated by CUMS. The densities of CRH-containing neurons in both PVN and CeA were significantly higher than those in control group. Conclusion The CRH systems in PVN and CeA may both contribute to depression-like behaviors during CUMS.

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Differential release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the amygdala during different types of stressors

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Differential effects of stress and amphetamine administration on Fos‐like protein expression in corticotropin releasing factor‐neurons of the rat brain

Differential effects of stress and amphetamine administration on Fos‐like protein expression in corticotropin releasing factor‐neurons of the rat brain

Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, but not vasopressin, participates in chronic hyperactivity of the HPA axis in diabetic rats

Increased expression level of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the amygdala and in the hypothalamus in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress

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