Differential Response to a Dysphoric Mood Induction Procedure as a Function of Level of Experiential Avoidance

Gird, Suzanne R.; Zettle, Robert D.

doi:10.1007/bf03395680

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, those with lower EA accept and de-emphasize pain associated with stress (Costa & Pinto-Gouveia, 2011). Along those lines, studies using lab-based stressors report that high (relative to low) EA predicts more negative emotional responses after either unpleasant film clips (Shallcross, Troy, Boland, & Mauss, 2010;Sloan, 2004), inhalation of carbon dioxide-enriched air (which induces breathlessness and other physiological symptoms ;Feldner, Zvolensky, Eifert, & Spira, 2003), or dysphoric mood induction (the Velten Mood Induction Procedure [Velten, 1968] accompanied by music; Gird & Zettle, 2009). That noted, studies that instructed participants to use acceptance versus other emotion regulation strategies (e.g., suppression) in the face of discomfort have found mixed results and overall no advantage for acceptance in minimizing negative affect (for a review, see Kohl, Rief, & Glombiewski, 2012); dispositional EA was not considered in the review.…”

Section: Experiential Avoidance (Ea)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait Emotional Intelligence, Anxiety Sensitivity, and Experiential Avoidance in Stress Reactivity and Their Improvement Through Psychological Methods

2014

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Stress pervades daily society, often with deleterious consequences for those prone to react intensely to it. Intervention techniques to attenuate stress reactivity are thus paramount. With that goal in mind, researchers have sought to identify and alter malleable psychological dispositional variables that influence stress reactivity. Trait emotional intelligence (TEI), anxiety sensitivity (AS), and experiential avoidance (EA) are increasingly receiving attention in these research efforts. The self-reported emotional component of stress reactivity has been emphasized in investigations and is our focus. Specifically, this paper overviews the role of TEI, AS, and EA in self-reported stress responses. We also discuss empirically supported psychological methods to adjust suboptimal levels of these variables in normal populations. Both psycho-educational (information, skills) and mindfulness-based interventions (specific mindfulness therapies or components) are covered. Findings include that (1) TEI, AS, and EA are each correlated with the emotional component of stress reactivity to both naturalistic and lab-based stressors; (2) preliminary support currently exists for psycho-educational intervention of TEI and AS but is lacking for EA; (3) adequate evidence supports mindfulness-based interventions to target EA, with very limited but encouraging findings suggesting mindfulness methods improve TEI and AS; and (4) although more research is needed, stress management approaches based on mindfulness may well target all three of these psychological variables and thus appear particularly promising. Encouragingly, some methods to modify dispositional variables (e.g., a mindfulness-based format of guided self-help) are easily disseminated and potentially applicable to the general public.

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Section: Experiential Avoidance (Ea)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait Emotional Intelligence, Anxiety Sensitivity, and Experiential Avoidance in Stress Reactivity and Their Improvement Through Psychological Methods

2014

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“…Our primary purpose in conducting this project was to identify audiovisual presentations that reliably induce amusement in the laboratory among college students who continue to serve as a convenience sample within our broader research program on emotion regulation (e.g., Gird & Zettle, 2009; Swails et al., 2016). For understandable reasons, emotion regulation, particularly within research and practice of clinical psychology, historically has focused primarily on the management and alleviation of negative affective states such as fear, sorrow, and anger (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducing Amusement in the Laboratory and Its Moderation by Experiential Approach

Abernathy

Zettle

2021

Psychol Rep

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The relative ability of four comedic sketches to induce amusement in the laboratory and its moderation by dispositional differences in experiential approach as a form of positive emotion regulation were investigated. College student participants reported significant and equivalent diminished levels of negative affect relative to baseline following each sketch, while the level of positive affect induced by The Office exceeded that elicited by two of the three other sketches as well as by a top-ranked French comedic film clip. Regression models indicated that the two subscales of the Experiential Approach Scale and their interaction accounted for significant variability in negative mood reductions following the sketches. Unexpectedly, college student participants who enjoyed the greatest decrement in negative affect reported a regulation style in which anxiously clinging to positive emotions dominates over sustaining and savoring them. The limitations of this project and implications of its findings for laboratory inductions of amusement, as well as further investigations of its possible moderation by experiential approach as form of positive emotion regulation are discussed.

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“…It is widely used in research involving acceptance-based approaches such as ACT and was included because how participants respond to and cope with distressing challenges been found to be related to levels of experiential avoidance. More specifically, participants high in experiential avoidance have typically reported more negative psychological reactions to challenges, such as the cold pressor, and less willingness to tolerate them (e.g., gird & Zettle, 2009;Zettle et al, 2005;Zettle, Petersen, Hocker, & Provines, 2007). Including the AAQ made it possible to rule out any treatment condition effects that could be attributed to differential levels of experiential avoidance among participants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Targeting Fear of Spiders with Control-, Acceptance-, and Information-Based Approaches

Wagener

Zettle

2011

Psychol Rec

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The relative impact of control-, acceptance-, and information-based approaches in targeting a midlevel fear of spiders among college students was evaluated. Participants listened to a brief protocol presenting one of the three approaches before completing the Perceived-Threat Behavioral Approach Test (PT-BAT; Cochrane, Barnes-Holmes, & BarnesHolmes, 2008). During the PT-BAT, participants placed their hands in a series of opaque jars that they were led to believe were increasingly likely to contain a spider. Participants in the acceptance-based condition progressed the farthest and were more willing to repeat the procedure a week later, despite not differing from their counterparts in levels of subjective distress. Implications for the relative efficacy of acceptance-versus control-based approaches in treatment of specific phobia, their possible differential mechanisms of action, and the use of the PT-BAT as a dependent measure in further research are discussed.Key words: arachnophobia, acceptance and commitment therapy, avoidance Arguably one of the more noteworthy developments within cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) during the past two decades has been the emergence of what have come to be regarded as "third wave" or "new wave" interventions (Hayes, 2004). What primarily distinguishes these approaches-such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002), dialectical behavior therapy (Linehan, 1993), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999)-from earlier generations of cognitive behavior therapies is their shared strategic focus on second-order change. In particular, instead of relying on control-based therapeutic techniques such as relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, and exposure procedures to directly minimize unwanted anxiety-related sensations and thoughts (Choy, Fyer, & Lipsitz, 2007), emphasis is shifted to the ways in which clients relate to unwanted psychological experiences. One common means of doing so among interventions within the third wave of cognitive behavior therapy is by helping clients become more mindful and accepting 78WAgEnER AnD ZETTLE of unwanted thoughts and feelings they would otherwise seek to control (Hayes, Follette, & Linehan, 2004).The development of ACT, in particular, is fairly unique as it has been both preceded and accompanied by related analogue studies comparing the effects of fairly brief control-versus acceptance-based approaches in how nonclinical samples cope with and respond to various psychological as well as biological challenges and stressors (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006). The primary purpose of the current investigation was to extend this line of research by comparing the differential impact of these two approaches, as well as an information-based intervention, in how participants respond to a feared stimulus. More specifically, college students were presented with brief control-, acceptance-, or information-based protocols for coping with their midlevel fear of spiders before unde...

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Differential Response to a Dysphoric Mood Induction Procedure as a Function of Level of Experiential Avoidance

Abstract: Participants reporting high versus low levels of experiential avoidance as assessed by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Hayes et al., 2004)

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Trait Emotional Intelligence, Anxiety Sensitivity, and Experiential Avoidance in Stress Reactivity and Their Improvement Through Psychological Methods

Trait Emotional Intelligence, Anxiety Sensitivity, and Experiential Avoidance in Stress Reactivity and Their Improvement Through Psychological Methods

Inducing Amusement in the Laboratory and Its Moderation by Experiential Approach

Targeting Fear of Spiders with Control-, Acceptance-, and Information-Based Approaches

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