Differential responses in ammonia excretion, sodium fluxes and gill permeability explain different sensitivities to acute high environmental ammonia in three freshwater teleosts

Liew, Hon Jung; Sinha, Amit Kumar; Nawata, C. Michele; Blust, Ronny; Wood, Chris M.; Boeck, Gudrun De

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.10.012

Cited by 78 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…It is likely that this mechanism was also activated in the piava with the replacement of NH 4 + by K + in the basolateral Na + / K + -ATPase, which led to an increase in Na + and a decrease in K + plasma levels. Liew et al (2013) observed that diffusive water efflux rates and net K + loss rates across the gills were enhanced during exposure to 0.11 mg L -1 NH 3 in rainbow trout, which indicates increased gill transcellular permeability. The net K + loss rates across the gills must have occurred in this study, since plasma levels of K decreased at the highest NH 3 concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…After exposure to 0.11 mg L -1 NH 3 for 12 h and up to seven days, Na + uptake increased in rainbow trout, goldfish (Carassius auratus), and carp (Cyprinus carpio), possibly due to the activation of the branchial apical "Na + /NH 4 + exchange metabolon" (LIEW et al, 2013). It is likely that this mechanism was also activated in the piava with the replacement of NH 4 + by K + in the basolateral Na + / K + -ATPase, which led to an increase in Na + and a decrease in K + plasma levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sub-lethal ammonia concentrations decrease the growth rate of fish (MIRON et al, 2011;FERREIRA et al, 2013), interfering in the artificial fertilization (VIDAL et al, 2013) and may cause several physiological and histological changes (WRIGHT;WOOD, 2012;LIEW et al, 2013). For these reasons, toxicity of ammonia to fish has been intensively investigated in numerous fish species (BENLÍ;KÖKSAL, 2005;ERDOGAN et al, 2005;MIRON et al, 2008;LIEW et al, 2013;FERREIRA et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tolerance to high environmental ammonia concentrations varies among freshwater species (MIRON et al, 2008;LIEW et al, 2013). Species such as Opsanus beta, Opsanus tau, and Porichthys notatus are known to tolerate high concentrations of ammonia in the water (WANG;WALSH, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tolerance of piava juveniles to different ammonia concentrations

et al. 2015

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of piavas (Leporinus obtusidens) to ammonia (NH 3 ) by measuring its effects on plasma ion levels and tissue metabolic parameters. Piava juveniles (25-30 g) were exposed to five concentrations of NH 3 (mg L -1 ): 0.003 (control), 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.4; after 96 hours, plasma levels of Na + , K + , Cl -and NH 4 + ions and metabolic and enzyme activity in tissues (liver, kidneys, gills and muscle) were measured. The lethal concentration (LC50; 96h) of NH 3 was 0.27 mg L -1 . As NH 3 increased, Na + and NH 4 + in the plasma increased and K + decreased. In addition, Na + /K + -ATPase activity concomitantly increased in the gills and decreased in the kidneys. Glucose, glycogen, and protein levels decreased, while lactate and ammonia increased in the tissues of piava juveniles that were treated with higher concentrations of ammonia. The observed lethal toxicity could be due to a gradual depletion of plasma ion levels and a reduction of metabolic and Na -ATPase aumentou nas brânquias e diminuiu nos rins com o aumento das concentrações de NH 3 na água. Níveis de glicose, glicogênio e proteína (exceto no músculo) também reduziram, mas níveis de lactato aumentaram nos tecidos dos juvenis expostos as maiores concentrações de NH 3 na água. A toxicidade letal observada poderia ser devido a depleção gradual de íons no plasma, a redução do metabolismo e a atividade nos tecidos de Na + /K + -ATPase. O aumento das concentrações de amônia na água leva ao acúmulo de amônia no plasma e nos tecidos, o que reduz o gradiente de difusão plasma-água de NH 3 e induz alterações metabólicas e ionoregulatórias nas piavas, o que tem implicações para o manejo de piavas. Palavras-chave: Ionoregulação, concentração letal, Na

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tolerance of piava juveniles to different ammonia concentrations

et al. 2015

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“…High levels of ammonia reduce blood pH due to the accumulation of acidic metabolites, causing swelling and melting of the lamellae in the gills and interfering in the osmoregulation processes (LEASE et al, 2003;LIEW et al, 2013). Also, gill lesions (SPENCER et al, 2008;MIRON et al, 2008) and decrease on liver volume (MILNE et al, 2000) may occur when some species are over exposed to ammonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Análise histológica das brí¢nquias e do fígado de Bryconops caudomaculatus em diferentes concentrações de amônia

2017

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The objective was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of ammonia (zero; 0.15; 0.30; 0.50; 1.00 mg L -1 NH3) on histology and morphology of gills and liver of juvenile Bryconops caudomaculatus. After 96 hours of exposure, the fishs were anesthetized and necropsied for collect gills and liver, which were embedded in paraffin. Morphological changes were observed on the secondary lamellae of the gills when concentrations greater than 0.15 mg L -1 , as hyperplasia, hypertrophy, epithelial displacement, lamellar fusion, swelling, lamellar aneurysm with rupture of the epithelium and increase in width of the lamellae were observed. The liver presented histopathologies (congestion in the capillaries and inflammatory processes) at the presence of 0.30 mg L -1 of NH3, compromising the vital functions, the metabolism, breathing processes, detoxification of the body, hematopoiesis and probably hindered osmoregulation. The results suggest that the changes in gill and liver can be used to monitor fish performance in intensive farming.Key words: morphological changes; contaminants; histology; toxicity. ANÁLISE HISTOLÓGICA DAS BRÂNQUIAS E DO FÍGADO DE Bryconops caudomaculatus EM DIFERENTES CONCENTRAÇÕES DE AMÔNIA RESUMOO objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de amônia não ionizada (zero; 0,15; 0,30; 0,50; 1,00 mg L -1 NH3) na histologia e morfologia das brânquias e fígado de juvenis Bryconops caudomaculatus. Após 96 horas de exposição, os peixes foram anestesiados, submetidos à necropsia, para coleta de brânquias e fígado, que foram incluídos em parafina. Alterações morfológicas nas lamelas secundárias das brânquias foram observadas em concentrações a partir de 0,15 mg L -1 , como hiperplasia, hipertrofia, deslocamento epitelial, fusão lamelar, edema, aneurisma lamelar com ruptura do epitélio e aumento na largura das lamelas. O fígado apresentou alterações histológicas (congestão nos capilares, processos inflamatórios e pigmentação endógena) na presença de 0,30 mg L -1 de NH3, e comprometeram as funções vitais, o metabolismo, processos de respiração, desintoxicação do organismo, hematopoese e provavelmente a osmorregulação. Os resultados sugerem que as alterações nas brânquias e fígado podem ser usadas para monitorar o desempenho de peixes em cultivo intensivo.

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Ammonia transport is independent of PNH₃ gradients across the gastrointestinal epithelia of the rainbow trout: A role for the stomach

et al. 2022

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Although the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an important site for nitrogen metabolism in teleosts, the mechanisms of ammonia absorption and transport remain to be elucidated. Both protein catabolism in the lumen and the metabolism of the GIT tissues produce ammonia which, in part, enters the portal blood through the anterior region of the GIT. The present study examined the possible roles of different GIT sections of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in transporting ammonia in its unionized gas form—NH3—by changing the PNH3 gradient across GIT epithelia using in vitro gut sac preparations. We also surveyed messenger RNA expression patterns of three of the identified Rh proteins (Rhbg, Rhcg1, and Rhcg2) as potential NH3 transporters and NKCC as a potential ammonium ion (NH4+) transporter along the GIT of rainbow trout. We found that ammonia absorption is not dependent on the PNH3 gradient despite expression of Rhbg and Rhcg2 in the intestinal tissues, and Rhcg2 in the stomach. We detected no expression of Rhbg in the stomach and no expression of Rhcg1 in any GIT tissues. There was also a lack of correlation between ammonia transport and [NH4+] gradient despite NKCC expression in all GIT tissues. Regardless of PNH3 gradients, the stomach showed the greatest absorption and net tissue consumption of ammonia. Overall, our findings suggest nitrogen metabolism zonation of GIT, with stomach serving as an important site for the absorption, handling and transport of ammonia that is independent of the PNH3 gradient.

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Differential responses in ammonia excretion, sodium fluxes and gill permeability explain different sensitivities to acute high environmental ammonia in three freshwater teleosts

Cited by 78 publications

References 82 publications

Tolerance of piava juveniles to different ammonia concentrations

Tolerance of piava juveniles to different ammonia concentrations

Análise histológica das brí¢nquias e do fígado de Bryconops caudomaculatus em diferentes concentrações de amônia

Ammonia transport is independent of PNH₃ gradients across the gastrointestinal epithelia of the rainbow trout: A role for the stomach

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Differential responses in ammonia excretion, sodium fluxes and gill permeability explain different sensitivities to acute high environmental ammonia in three freshwater teleosts

Cited by 78 publications

References 82 publications

Tolerance of piava juveniles to different ammonia concentrations

Tolerance of piava juveniles to different ammonia concentrations

Análise histológica das brí­¢nquias e do fí­­gado de Bryconops caudomaculatus em diferentes concentrações de amônia

Ammonia transport is independent of PNH3 gradients across the gastrointestinal epithelia of the rainbow trout: A role for the stomach

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Análise histológica das brí¢nquias e do fígado de Bryconops caudomaculatus em diferentes concentrações de amônia

Ammonia transport is independent of PNH₃ gradients across the gastrointestinal epithelia of the rainbow trout: A role for the stomach