Differential Responses of Iron, Magnesium, and Zinc Deficiency on Pigment Composition, Nutrient Content, and Photosynthetic Activity in Tropical Fruit Crops

Balakrishnan, K.; Rajendran, C.; Kulandaivelu, G.

doi:10.1023/a:1010958512210

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Otherwise, uptake to nitrogen and phosphorus had negative responses, when plants suffered from aluminum toxicity [ 50 ]. Similar to magnesium, irondeficiency caused by aluminum stress constrains chlorophyll synthesis and photochemical efficiency of PSII [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low pH and Aluminum Toxicity on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Fast-Growing Eucalyptus Vegetatively Propagated Clones

Yang

Tan

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Knowing how acid soils and aluminum in soils may limit the growth of Eucalyptus trees in plantations is important because these plantations grow in many tropical and subtropical regions. Seedlings of four vegetatively propagated Eucalyptus clones, E. grandis × E. urophylla ‘GLGU9’(G9), E. grandis × E. urophylla ‘GLGU12’ (G12), E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis ‘GLUC3’ (G3) and E. urophylla ‘GLU4’(G4), were subjected to liquid culture with Hoagland nutrient solution for 40 days, then treated with four different treatments of acid and aluminum for 1 day. The four treatments used either pH 3.0 or 4.0 with or without added aluminum (4.4 mM) in all possible combinations; a control used no added aluminum at pH 4.8. Subsequently, the photosynthetic parameters and morphology of leaves from eucalypt seedlings were determined and observed. The results showed that the tested chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were apparently inhibited by aluminum. Under uniform Al concentration (4.4 mM), the Al-induced limitation to photosynthetic parameters increased with pH, indicating acid stimulation to Al toxicity. Among all treatments, the most significant reduction was found in the combination of pH 3.0 and 4.4 mM Al. The photosynthetic and transpiration rates showed similar trends with G9 > G12 > G3 > G4, suggesting that G9 and G12 had higher Al-tolerance than other two clones. Microscopic observation revealed changes in leaf morphology when exposed to Al stress; for example, a reduced thickness of leaf epidermis and palisade tissue, the descendant palisade tissue/spongy tissue ratio and leaf tissue looseness. Overall, the acid and aluminum stress exerted negative effects on the photosynthetic activity of eucalypt seedlings, but the differences in tolerance to Al toxicity between the clones were favorable, offering potential to improve Eucalyptus plantation productivity by selecting Al tolerant clones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low pH and Aluminum Toxicity on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Fast-Growing Eucalyptus Vegetatively Propagated Clones

Yang

Tan

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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“…However, problems might arise due to not only their shortage, but also their excess. Excess of both macronutrients has a negative effect on plants through increased pH, reduced availability of many micronutrients, and also heavy metals (Balakrishnan et al, 2000;Guo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary enrichment of soil by alkaline emissions: the specific form of anthropogenic soil degradation near magnesite processing factories and possibilities of land management

Polláková¹,

Hamar²,

Šimanský³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Over the past 90 years, anthropogenic degradation of soil caused by alkaline, magnesium-rich dust deposit has presented a serious problem near magnesite processing factories in Jelšava and in Lubeník (Slovakia). The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical and biological soil properties in 14 sampling sites at different distances from factories, and based on the results, to propose further use of affected land. Results revealed that the available Mg 3-68 fold exceeded very high content for texturally medium soils at all grassland sampling sites, and areas close factory contained up to 14.4-17.4 g kg-1. Higher excess of available Mg caused significant increase of soil pH (up to 9.39) and worsened the conditions for the growth of vegetation. As a result, lower stock of newly formed organic matter (0.50-0.96 g kg-1 of labile carbon) with consequently weaker enzymatic activity occurred. Therefore, enrichment by organic matter provides a measure to support the biological activity of soil. The content of monitored heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni) was not related to Mg and did not influence the enzymatic activity of soil. Because alkaline emissions have decreased by 99.8% since 1970, the application of classical measures (mechanical removal of the Mg-rich crust, incorporation of gypsum and manure to the soil), or newer methods (growing of Mg hyper-accumulating plants) can offer more lasting positive effects than those of 50 years ago. This study concluded that Mg-rich, alkaline dust deposition causes long-lasting anthropogenic soil degradation.

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“…However, problems might arise due to not only their shortage, but also their excess. Excess of both macronutrients has a negative effect on plants through increased pH, reduced availability of many micronutrients (Balakrishnan, Rajendran, & Kulandaivelu, 2000; Guo, Nazim, Liang, & Yang, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary enrichment of soil by alkaline emissions: The specific form of anthropo‐geogenic soil degradation near magnesite processing factories and possibilities of land management

et al. 2020

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Over the past 90 years, anthropogenic degradation of soil caused by alkaline, magnesium‐rich dust deposition has presented a serious problem near magnesite processing factories in Jelšava and in Lubeník (Slovakia). The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical and biological soil properties in 14 sampling sites at different distances from factories, and based on the results, to propose further use of affected land. Results revealed that the available Mg was 3‐ to 68‐fold that of medium‐textured soils at all grassland sampling sites, and areas close to the factories contained up to 14,366–17,394 mg kg−1. Higher amounts of available Mg caused significant increase of soil pH (up to 9.39) and worsened the conditions for the growth of vegetation. As a result, a lower stock of labile soil organic carbon (501–961 mg kg−1) with consequently weaker enzymatic activity occurred. Enrichment by organic matter provides a means to support the biological activity of soil. The content of monitored heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni) was not related to Mg and did not influence the enzymatic activity of soil. Because alkaline emissions have decreased by 99.8% since 1970, the application of established measures (mechanical removal of the Mg‐rich crust, incorporation of gypsum and manure into the soil), or newer methods (growing of Mg hyper‐accumulating plants) can offer more lasting positive effects than could be achieved 50 years ago. This study concluded alkaline dust was the main factor affecting soil degradation. Nevertheless, the natural origin of Mg from Mg‐parent rocks should be allowed for.

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Differential Responses of Iron, Magnesium, and Zinc Deficiency on Pigment Composition, Nutrient Content, and Photosynthetic Activity in Tropical Fruit Crops

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of Low pH and Aluminum Toxicity on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Fast-Growing Eucalyptus Vegetatively Propagated Clones

Effect of Low pH and Aluminum Toxicity on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Fast-Growing Eucalyptus Vegetatively Propagated Clones

Secondary enrichment of soil by alkaline emissions: the specific form of anthropogenic soil degradation near magnesite processing factories and possibilities of land management

Secondary enrichment of soil by alkaline emissions: The specific form of anthropo‐geogenic soil degradation near magnesite processing factories and possibilities of land management

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