Differential responses of the seed germination of three functional groups to low temperature and darkness in a typical steppe, Northern China

Abstract

Seed germination is a key stage in the life history of plants, which has a crucial effect on plant community structure. Climate change has substantially altered the surface soil temperature and light availability, which can affect seed germination. However, whether the seed germination of different functional groups is affected by the interactions of light and temperature remains unclear. Under laboratory conditions, we examined the effects of low temperature and darkness, as well as their interaction, on the seed germination of 16 species belonging to three plant functional groups (annual and biennials, perennial grasses, and perennial forbs) in a typical steppe, Northern China. We found that low temperature had a significant negative effect on seed germination of all species. Low temperature significantly decreased the final germination percentage and germinative force of the three plant functional groups, and the germination duration of perennial grasses. Darkness significantly decreased the germinative force of perennial forbs and total seeds, and the germination duration of perennial grasses. The interactive effects of light and temperature on the seed final germination percentage and germinative force of perennial grass indicated that darkness strengthened the inhibitory effect of low temperature on the seed germination of the grass functional group. Our study indicate that the seed germination of different plant functional groups varied greatly in response to changing environmental conditions. Our results suggest that future climate change could alter the regeneration and species composition of plant communities through changing seed germination.

The Impact of Water Potential and Temperature on Native Species’ Capability for Seed Germination in the Loess Plateau Region, China

“…Global climate change is associated with an increase in droughts and heat waves [ 1 , 2 ]. Global climate change may prevent, delay, or promote species regeneration from seeds, which may have an impact on the dynamics of plant populations and the composition of vegetation [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The impacts of climate change on plants have been extensively studied, but less attention has been paid to how these changes may affect plant regeneration [ 4 , 6 ].…”