Differential Retention of Okadaic Acid (OA) Group Toxins and Pectenotoxins (PTX) in the Blue Mussel,Mytilus edulis(L.), and European Flat Oyster,Ostrea edulis(L.)

Accumulation of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins in the oysterCrassostrea gigasand the musselChoromytilus meridionalisin the southern Benguela ecosystem

“…Poletti et al 1998, Svensson et al 2000, Vale and Sampayo 2002, Reizopoulou et al 2008). In a study very similar to that reported here, Lindegarth et al (2009) also showed DSP toxins to be 10-50 times lower in the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis compared with the blue mussel Mytilus edulis.…”

Differential okadaic acid accumulation and detoxification by oysters and mussels during natural and simulated Dinophysis blooms

“…The importance of a second toxin compartment is generally very small and would not justify the great increase in model complexity [45]. Toxin half-life was estimated as ~1 day for P. perna, ~2 days for C. gigas, and ~5 days for C. virginica in our study, which is much shorter than other values previously reported in laboratory depuration studies for M. edulis (8-45 days [35, 49, 59]) and M. galloprovincialis (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) days [45,56,57,60]). Nevertheless, our values were calculated from juvenile individuals maintained at a constant temperature of 22 °C; detoxification of DST in bivalves is expected to be directly affected by water temperature due to its general effect on basal metabolic rates in poikilothermic organisms (reviewed in Shumway et al [61]).…”

“…More strikingly, M. edulis mussels accumulated 120 times greater amounts of OA than co-occurring oysters, Ostrea edulis, after 4 weeks of exposure to a natural community of Dinophysis spp. in Sweden [12]. Mussels also exhibit higher capacity for DST accumulation relative to co-occurring species of clams and/or scallops, in addition to oysters (Table 3).…”

“…For instance, oysters do not always accumulate DSTs, and when they do, toxin levels are at least ten times lower than those of co-occurring mussels [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Accordingly, during previous D. acuminata complex blooms in southern Brazil, the mussel P. perna has consistently accumulated higher OA levels compared to those of oysters, Crassostrea gigas, which rarely attain the RL, even though they are mostly co-occurring and similarly cultivated (i.e.…”

Impact of harmful algal blooms (Dinophysis acuminata) on the immune system of oysters and mussels from Santa Catarina, Brazil

“…These results might be due to the higher toxin accumulation (OA and derivatives) in mussel (10× more) than in oyster tissues. Other authors have also established that mussels accumulate larger quantities of phycotoxins than oysters and scallops (Reizopoulou et al, 2008;Lindegarth et al, 2009;Kacem et al, 2010). In addition to the higher toxin accumulation, mussels may also have a lower toxin clearance rate than oysters and other bivalves.…”