Differential sensitivity of bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthases to the herbicide glyphosate

Schulz, A.; Krüper, A.; Amrhein, Nikolaus

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb00809.x

Cited by 50 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Different extents of inhibition of EPSP synthase were reported previously for different Pseudomonas species (Schulz et al, 1985). Specifically, at about 3.0 µM glyphosate, there was 50% inhibition of the enzyme activity in P. fluorescens AFT36 but no inhibition in P. putida W1616 (Schulz et al, 1985). At one order of magnitude higher concentration (3 mM) of glyphosate, there was 100% inhibition of EPSP synthase in P. fluorescens AFT36 but only 50% inhibition in P. putida W1616 (Schulz et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A decreased abundance in Pseudomonas species was reported in greenhouse soils wherein glyphosate was applied to soybeans in a manner similar to agricultural applications (Zobiole et al, 2011). Furthermore, a previous study revealed greater inhibition of the EPSP synthase activity in P. fluorescens AFT36 than in P. putida W1616 at the same glyphosate concentration (Schulz et al, 1985). We hypothesize that the sensitivity of glyphosate-exposed Pseudomonas species in glyphosate-containing soils could be due to (1) speciesspecific growth responses to glyphosate exposure, (2) glyphosate inhibition of the biosynthetic pathway for aromatic AAs, or (3) disruption of other cellular pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Glyphosate interferes with this gateway by competing with the endogenous substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (Figure 1C), which combines with shikimate-3-phosphate to produce EPSP (Steinrücken and Amrhein, 1980;Schönbrunn et al, 2001). Different extents of inhibition of EPSP synthase were reported previously for different Pseudomonas species (Schulz et al, 1985). Specifically, at about 3.0 µM glyphosate, there was 50% inhibition of the enzyme activity in P. fluorescens AFT36 but no inhibition in P. putida W1616 (Schulz et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Specifically, at about 3.0 µM glyphosate, there was 50% inhibition of the enzyme activity in P. fluorescens AFT36 but no inhibition in P. putida W1616 (Schulz et al, 1985). At one order of magnitude higher concentration (3 mM) of glyphosate, there was 100% inhibition of EPSP synthase in P. fluorescens AFT36 but only 50% inhibition in P. putida W1616 (Schulz et al, 1985). It has not been demonstrated, however, explicitly that the inhibition of the EPSP synthase resulted in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of aromatic AAs in these Pseudomonas FIGURE 1 | Chemical structures of glyphosate and phosphoenolpyruvate and overview of the shikimate pathway for aromatic amino acid synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, these genetically-modified crops (e.g., soybean, corn) are protected against glyphosate applications. Glyphosate is lethal to targeted weed plants by inhibiting 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, an essential enzyme in the shikimate pathway that is responsible for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (AAs) (Schulz et al, 1985) ( Figure 1B). Although mammalian organisms including humans do not synthesize aromatic AAs and instead obtain these AAs from their diet, microorganisms employ the shikimate pathway similar to plants to synthesize their aromatic AAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glyphosate-Induced Specific and Widespread Perturbations in the Metabolome of Soil Pseudomonas Species

Aristilde

Reed

Wilkes

et al. 2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Previous studies have reported adverse effects of glyphosate on crop-beneficial soil bacterial species, including several soil Pseudomonas species. Of particular interest is the elucidation of the metabolic consequences of glyphosate toxicity in these species. Here we investigated the growth and metabolic responses of soil Pseudomonas species grown on succinate, a common root exudate, and glyphosate at different concentrations. We conducted our experiments with one agricultural soil isolate, P. fluorescens RA12, and three model species, P. putida KT2440, P. putida S12, and P. protegens Pf-5. Our results demonstrated both species-and strain-dependent growth responses to glyphosate. Following exposure to a range of glyphosate concentrations (up to 5 mM), the growth rate of both P. protegens Pf-5 and P. fluorescens RA12 remained unchanged whereas the two P. putida strains exhibited from 0 to 100% growth inhibition. We employed a 13 C-assisted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to monitor disruptions in metabolic homeostasis and fluxes. Profiling of the whole-cell metabolome captured deviations in metabolite levels involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, ribonucleotide biosynthesis, and protein biosynthesis. Altered metabolite levels specifically in the biosynthetic pathway of aromatic amino acids (AAs), the target of toxicity for glyphosate in plants, implied the same toxicity target in the soil bacterium. Kinetic flux experiments with 13 C-labeled succinate revealed that biosynthetic fluxes of the aromatic AAs were not inhibited in P. fluorescens Pf-5 in the presence of low and high glyphosate doses but these fluxes were inhibited by up to 60% in P. putida KT2440, even at sub-lethal glyphosate exposure. Notably, the greatest inhibition was found for the aromatic AA tryptophan, an important precursor to secondary metabolites. When the growth medium was supplemented with aromatic AAs, P. putida S12 exposed to a lethal dose of glyphosate completely recovered in terms of both growth rate and selected Aristilde et al.Metabolomics of Glyphosate Effects on Soil Bacteria metabolite levels. Collectively, our findings led us to conclude that the glyphosateinduced specific disruption of de novo biosynthesis of aromatic AAs accompanied by widespread metabolic disruptions was responsible for dose-dependent adverse effects of glyphosate on sensitive soil Pseudomonas species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glyphosate-Induced Specific and Widespread Perturbations in the Metabolome of Soil Pseudomonas Species

Aristilde

Reed

Wilkes

et al. 2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Imazethapyr inhibition of acetolactate synthase inRhizobiumand its symbiosis with pea

et al. 1998

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: Acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity extracted from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. viciae has been characterized. The optimum pH for extraction was 7É6 and for the assay 7É0. The for pyruvate was 7É2 mM, and the enzyme K m was saturated at 40 mM. An obligatory requirement of TPP and Mg2`for full ALS activity was observed. Valine was the only branched-chain amino acid that caused ALS feedback inhibition. The speciÐc activity of Rhizobium ALS was nearly 20 times the activity found in pea (Pisum sativum) leaves. Bacteroids from pea nodules also showed high ALS activity, and the nodule plant fraction had higher ALS activity than other plant tissues. ALS sensitivity to imazethapyr was also dependent on the source : ALS activity of free-living Rhizobium and bacteroids was slightly more tolerant than that of other pea tissues, but the di †er-ences were less than those found in rates of speciÐc activity. It is proposed that the high ALS activity expressed by Rhizobium, both as free-living bacteria and as bacteroids, is related to the growth tolerance of rhizobia to imazethapyr and is also related to the relative tolerance of symbiotic pea plants.1998 SCI ( Pestic. Sci., 52, 372È380 (1998)

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Herbicide and additive impacts on Bradyrhizobium japonicum growth in solution

Amajioyi,

Nleya,

Subramanian

et al. 2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Plant biostimulants include beneficial fungi and bacteria, and are often applied to foliage to improve crop growth, yield, and/or crop quality. Crop improvements due to biostimulant addition may be modest; therefore, solo applications may not be economical or climate smart. However, biostimulants combined with other postemergence treatments, such as herbicides, may provide an alternative application method, if mixtures do not harm the living organism(s). The growth of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, as a biostimulant surrogate, was assessed in solutions of glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid), with and without common spray additives (ammonium sulfate [AMS] and nonionic surfactant) in laboratory studies over 72 h. Solution turbidity, using optical density as a surrogate of bacterial growth, was measured at 600 nm at 24, 48, and 72 h after inoculation, and colony forming units (CFUs) per milliliter were estimated. Growth was not detected in either the glyphosate or AMS solutions, most likely due to the low pH and high electrical conductivity of the solutions, respectively. When herbicides were mixed with a nonionic surfactant, CFUs per milliliter were about 25% greater than the positive control. These data suggest that mixing bacteria with postemergence herbicide + surfactants/additives combinations can hinder or maintain growth when preparing for agrochemical applications. Biostimulant type and the agrichemical combination(s) should be evaluated prior to tank mixing to determine if detrimental interactions occur. After application, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the biostimulant to the crop and efficacy of the agrichemical to the target organism should be conducted.

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Differential sensitivity of bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthases to the herbicide glyphosate

Cited by 50 publications

References 27 publications

Glyphosate-Induced Specific and Widespread Perturbations in the Metabolome of Soil Pseudomonas Species

Glyphosate-Induced Specific and Widespread Perturbations in the Metabolome of Soil Pseudomonas Species

Imazethapyr inhibition of acetolactate synthase inRhizobiumand its symbiosis with pea

Herbicide and additive impacts on Bradyrhizobium japonicum growth in solution

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