In response to the issues of low reliability and poor prediction accuracy in traditional building structure settlement monitoring, a method for building settlement monitoring based on multiple sensors and Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is proposed. Building settlement information is collected and wirelessly transmitted using various sensors and hardware devices, including GPRS communication modules. The monitoring data collected by sensors are compared and analyzed to determine the settlement status of the building. An RBF neural network prediction model is constructed for potential settlement points. Additionally, the structural parameters of the RBF neural network are optimized using the leapfrog algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can accurately assess potential building structure settlements in real-world environments with small prediction errors. The maximum relative error is 4.83%, indicating good predictive capabilities.