Differential trends in cigarette smoking in the USA: is menthol slowing progress?

Giovino, Gary A.; Villanti, Andrea C.; Mowery, Paul; Sevilimedu, Varadan; Niaura, Raymond; Vallone, Donna; Abrams, David B.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051159

Cited by 194 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Additional factors that have been suggested are perceived lack of social support 29 , access and availability of evidencebased cessation resources 30 , and advice to quit smoking from primary care providers 31 . Given that most Black smokers prefer menthol cigarettes 3,32,33 , culturally-specific smoking cessation interventions targeting Black menthol smokers may help reduce this disparity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease) and premature death 1 . While the overall prevalence in cigarette smoking has decreased since the mid-20th century, the proportion of menthol cigarette smokers has increased in recent years 2,3 . Notably, sociodemographic disparities in menthol cigarette smoking persist in the U.S. 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the overall prevalence in cigarette smoking has decreased since the mid-20th century, the proportion of menthol cigarette smokers has increased in recent years 2,3 . Notably, sociodemographic disparities in menthol cigarette smoking persist in the U.S. 3 . A higher prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking has been documented among vulnerable groups, including Black/African Americans, women, young adults, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sociodemographic correlates of intention to quit smoking for good among U.S. adult menthol and non-menthol smokers: Evidence from the 2013–2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey

Smiley

2018

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION In the U.S. significant progress has been made to reduce cigarette use, yet menthol cigarette use is a continuing public health problem, especially among young adults and Black/African Americans. Smoking cessation is warranted to reduce smoking-related diseases and premature death. Ample evidence has demonstrated that having an intention to quit smoking is strongly associated with attaining cessation. The objective of this study was to identify and compare the sociodemographic correlates of intention to quit smoking for good between menthol and non-menthol adult smokers in the U.S.. METHODS A cross-sectional secondary data analysis was conducted on the 2013-2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze individual factors and their relation to intention to quit smoking for good. The total sample was nationally representative of the U.S. population and included 10 121 adult smokers aged ≥18 years. RESULTS Among menthol smokers, non-Hispanic Blacks (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=1.31, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03-1.67) were significantly (p=0.03) more likely to have an intention to quit smoking for good compared to nonHispanic Whites. Young adults aged 18-25 years (AOR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.58-0.85) were significantly (p=0.01) less likely to have an intention to quit compared to adults aged 50 years and older, and sexual minorities (i.e. lesbian, gay, bisexual) (AOR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.49-0.93) were significantly (p=0.03) less likely to have the intention to quit compared to heterosexuals. Among non-menthol smokers, adults aged 26-34 years (AOR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.13-1.88) and 35-49 years (AOR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.34-2.20) were significantly (p=0.01; p< 0.001, respectively) more likely to have an intention to quit smoking for good compared to those aged 50 years and older. CONCLUSIONS Study findings provide insight into the association of menthol cigarette consumption with intention to quit smoking for good, notably among Black Americans, young adults and sexual minorities. Smoking cessation efforts should consider demographics and menthol smoking status. INTRODUCTIONMenthol and non-menthol cigarette smoking is associated with smoking-related diseases (i.e. lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease) and premature death 1 . While the overall prevalence in cigarette smoking has decreased since the mid-20th century, the proportion of menthol cigarette smokers has increased in recent years 2,3 . Notably, sociodemographic disparities in menthol cigarette smoking persist in the U.S. 3 . A higher AFFILIATION

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sociodemographic correlates of intention to quit smoking for good among U.S. adult menthol and non-menthol smokers: Evidence from the 2013–2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey

Smiley

2018

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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“…[5][6][7] The cooling, soothing, anesthetic, and analgesic effects appeal to many young smokers and make menthol cigarettes less harsh to smoke. 8 Recent data show that while the percentage of young adult nonmenthol smokers is decreasing, the percentage of young adult menthol smokers is increasing.…”

Section: Nicotine Metabolism In Young Adult Daily Menthol and Nonmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Metabolism in Young Adult Daily Menthol and Nonmenthol Smokers

Fagan

Pokhrel

Herzog

et al. 2015

NICTOB

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Introduction: Menthol cigarette smoking may increase the risk for tobacco smoke exposure and inhibit nicotine metabolism in the liver. Nicotine metabolism is primarily mediated by the enzyme CYP2A6 and the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR = trans 3′ hydroxycotinine/cotinine) is a phenotypic proxy for CYP2A6 activity. No studies have examined differences in this biomarker among young adult daily menthol and nonmenthol smokers. This study compares biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure among young adult daily menthol and nonmenthol smokers. Methods: Saliva cotinine and carbon monoxide were measured in a multiethnic sample of daily smokers aged 18-35 (n = 186). Nicotine, cotinine, the cotinine/cigarette per day ratio, trans 3′ hydroxycotinine, the NMR, and expired carbon monoxide were compared. Results: The geometric means for nicotine, cotinine, and the cotinine/cigarette per day ratio did not significantly differ between menthol and nonmenthol smokers. The NMR was significantly lower among menthol compared with nonmenthol smokers after adjusting for race/ethnicity, gender, body mass index, and cigarette smoked per day (0.19 vs. 0.24, P = .03). White menthol smokers had significantly higher cotinine/cigarettes per day ratio than white nonmenthol smokers in the adjusted model. White menthol smokers had a lower NMR in the unadjusted model (0.24 vs. 0.31, P = .05) and the differences remained marginally significant in the adjusted model (0.28 vs. 0.34, P = .06). We did not observe these differences in Native Hawaiians and Filipinos. Conclusions: Young adult daily menthol smokers have slower rates of nicotine metabolism than nonmenthol smokers. Studies are needed to determine the utility of this biomarker for smoking cessation treatment assignments.

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“…For instance, the 2008-2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data showed that, among persons aged ≥12 who smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days, 88.5% of non-Hispanic African Americans reported using menthol cigarettes in the past 30 days compared to 25.7% of non-Hispanic whites. 10 Limited research has investigated the relationship between menthol use and smoking cessation across various racial/ethnic groups; the findings were mixed. Among all smokers, both clinical trials and longitudinal cohort studies have found no difference in smoking abstinence between menthol and non-menthol smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Menthol Cigarette Use With Quit Attempts, Successful Cessation, and Intention to Quit Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States

Keeler

Max

Yerger

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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Introduction: Few studies have examined the relationship between menthol use and smoking cessation across various racial/ethnic groups; the findings were mixed. This study explored the association of menthol cigarette use with quit attempts, smoking cessation, and intention-to-quit among US adults and by race/ethnicity. Methods: Using the 2006Using the /2007Using the and 2010Using the /2011 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey data, this study analyzed 54 448 recent active smokers, defined as current smokers or former smokers who quit less than 12 months ago. Three behaviors were examined: any quit attempts in the past 12 months, successful cessation for ≥3 months, and intention-to-quit smoking in the next 6 months. For each cessation behavior, multiple logistic regression models were estimated separately for the full-sample and stratified racial/ethnic subsamples. Results: While 72.3% of African American recent active smokers typically smoked menthol cigarettes, this proportion was 21.7%, 21.5%, and 28.0% for whites, Asians, and Hispanics, respectively. African American menthol smokers had higher odds of quit attempts compared to non-African American, non-menthol smokers (full-sample analysis), as well as African American non-menthol smokers (subsample analysis). Menthol use was not significantly associated with quit attempts in other racial/ethnic subsamples. There was no significant difference in either successful cessation or intention-to-quit between menthol and non-menthol smokers. Conclusions: African American menthol smokers were more likely to attempt to quit smoking than non-menthol smokers but these quit attempts did not translate into successful cessation. This study revealed no association of menthol use with quit attempts, successful cessation, and intention-to-quit among other racial/ethnic groups. Implications: The findings suggested that African American menthol smokers were more motivated to quit smoking; yet, the results also indicated no significant differences in successful cessation between African American menthol and non-menthol smokers. Interventions targeting menthol smokers within the African American community may help bridge this gap. While more

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Differential trends in cigarette smoking in the USA: is menthol slowing progress?

Cited by 194 publications

References 27 publications

Sociodemographic correlates of intention to quit smoking for good among U.S. adult menthol and non-menthol smokers: Evidence from the 2013–2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey

Sociodemographic correlates of intention to quit smoking for good among U.S. adult menthol and non-menthol smokers: Evidence from the 2013–2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey

Nicotine Metabolism in Young Adult Daily Menthol and Nonmenthol Smokers

The Association of Menthol Cigarette Use With Quit Attempts, Successful Cessation, and Intention to Quit Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States

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