Differential Ventricular Expansion in Hydrocephalus

McAllister, James P.; Chovan, Peter; Steiner, Clara; Johnson, Martha J.; Ayzman, Igor; Wood, Arcangela S.; Tkach, Jean A.; Hahn, Johannes-Martin; Luciano, Mark

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1071252

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…From the consistent evolution of reason and ventricular volume measured by MRI and due to the facility for performing its measurement, allowed to infer that, the ventricular ratio can be used alone to monitor the evolution of experimental hydrocephalus. Nevertheless, these data disagree with McAllister 17 , who studied hydrocephalus in adult dogs induced by the injection of cyanoacrylate glue prior to the fourth ventricle and observed a large evolutionarily ventricular volume increase compared with the ventricular ratio index by Evans (obtained by measuring the coronal section and the distance between the lateral portions of the lateral ventricles divided by the distance over the side of the brain parenchyma, at the level of the foramen of Monro).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Cardoso¹,

Lachat²,

Lopes³

et al. 2011

Acta Cir. Bras.

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PURPOSE:To analyze the ventricular enlargement and myelination of the corpus callosum in adult dogs after four and eight weeks of kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus. METHODS: 36 dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1 -without hydrocephalus, 2 -kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the fourth week, and 3 -kaolin-induction of hydrocephalus until the eighth week. Ventricular ratios and volumes were calculated using magnetic resonance images, and myelination of the corpus callosum were histologically evaluated using solocromo-cianin stain. RESULTS: Radiological hydrocephalus was observed in 93.75% and overall mortality was 38.4%. Ventricular volumes and ratios were higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 and similar when measures in the fourth and eighth weeks were compared in the group 3. Indices of luminescence in the knee and in the splenium of the corpus callosum were higher in group 2 than in group 1 indicating that there was loss of myelin in group 2, and similar in groups 1 and 3, showing a tendency to remyelination after 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: The corpus callosum of dogs with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus responds with demyelination of the knee and splenium by the fourth week with a tendency to remyelination by the eighth week. Key words: Hydrocephalus. Corpus Callosum. Myelin Sheath. Dogs. RESUMO OBJETIVO:Analisar a dilatação ventricular e a mielinização do corpo caloso em cães adultos após quatro e oito semanas da indução de hidrocefalia por caulin. MÉTODOS: 36 cães foram aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos: 1-sem hidrocefalia, 2-quatro semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin, 3-oito semanas de hidrocefalia induzida por caulin. As razões e volumes ventriculares foram calculados utilizando imagens de ressonância magnética, e, a mielinização do corpo caloso por estudo histológico (coloração com solocromo-cianina). RESULTADOS: Hidrocefalia foi observada radiologicamente em 93,75% e a mortalidade global foi de 38,4%. Os volumes e as razões ventriculares foram maiores nos grupos 2 e 3 em relação ao grupo 1 e semelhantes nas quarta e oitava semanas no grupo 3. Índices de luminescência no joelho e no esplênio do corpo caloso foram maiores no grupo 2 em relação ao grupo 1, indicando que houve perda de mielina no grupo 2, e semelhantes nos grupos 1 e 3, mostrando uma tendência à remielinização em torno de 8 semanas. CONCLUSÃO: O corpo caloso de cães com hidrocefalia induzida por caulin responde com desmielinização no joelho e esplênio em torno de quatro semanas com tendência à remielinização em torno da oitava semana. Descritores: Hidrocefalia. Corpo Caloso. Bainha de Mielina. Cães. Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogsActa Cirúrgica Brasileira -Vol. 26 (Suppl. 2) 2011 -9

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Cardoso¹,

Lachat²,

Lopes³

et al. 2011

Acta Cir. Bras.

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“…For example, ear-lier reports from the Cleveland Clinic laboratory documented a significant (2-to 6-fold) increase in CSF volume at 2 weeks post-CH induction surgery that remained for as long as 16+ weeks. 11,22,27,32 By contrast, ICP findings for this experimental model showed a gradual and variable increase over the same investigative period. Overall changes in CSF volume and pressure that have been described using this experimental model of CH may differ widely between individual cases.…”

Section: Common Variability In Csf Volume and Pressure Changes In An contrasting

confidence: 57%

“…The experimental model of chronic obstructive hydrocephalus in the current investigation has been studied extensively including the documentation and characterization of specific changes relating to CSF volume and pressure. [9][10][11]22,27,32 In particular, this model mimics the clinical condition referred to as "chronic (adult) hydrocephalus" that can show variable and unpredictable changes in CSF volume and pressure, including few or no changes after obstruction of the CSF fourth ventricle. For example, ear-lier reports from the Cleveland Clinic laboratory documented a significant (2-to 6-fold) increase in CSF volume at 2 weeks post-CH induction surgery that remained for as long as 16+ weeks.…”

Section: Common Variability In Csf Volume and Pressure Changes In An mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of pulsation absorber characteristics in experimental hydrocephalus

Park¹,

Dombrowski

Luciano

et al. 2010

PED

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Object Analysis of waveform data in previous studies suggests that the pulsatile movement of CSF may play a role in attenuating strong arterial pulsations entering the cranium, and its effectiveness in attenuating these pulsations may be altered by changes in intracranial pressure (ICP). These findings were obtained in studies performed in canines with normal anatomy of the CSF spaces. How then would pulsation absorbance respond to changes in CSF movement under obstructive conditions such as the development of hydrocephalus? In the present study, chronic obstructive hydrocephalus was induced by the injection of cyanoacrylate gel into the fourth ventricle of canines, and pulsation absorbance was compared before and after hydrocephalus induction. Methods Five animals were evaluated with simultaneous recordings of ICP and arterial blood pressure (ABP) before and at 4 and 12 weeks after fourth ventricle obstruction by cyanoacrylate. To assess how the intracranial system responds to the arterial pulsatile component, ABP and ICP waveforms recorded in a time domain had to be analyzed in a frequency domain. In an earlier study the authors introduced a particular technique that allows characterization of the intracranial system in the frequency domain with sufficient accuracy and efficiency. This same method was used to analyze the relationship between ABP and ICP waveforms recorded during several acute states including hyperventilation as well as CSF withdrawal and infusion under conditions before and after inducing chronic obstructive hydrocephalus. Such a relationship is reflected in terms of a gain, which is a function of frequency. The cardiac pulsation absorbance (CPA) index, which is simply derived from a gain evaluated at the cardiac frequency, was used to quantitatively evaluate the changes in pulsation absorber function associated with the development of hydrocephalus within each of the animals, which did become hydrocephalic. To account for normal and hydrocephalic conditions within the same animal and at multiple time points, statistical analysis was performed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Results The performance of the pulsation absorber as assessed by CPA significantly deteriorated after the development of chronic hydrocephalus. In these animals the decrement in CPA was far more significant than other anticipated changes including those in ICP, compliance, or ICP pulse amplitude. Conclusions To the extent that the free CSF movement acts as a buffer of arterial pulsation input to flow in microvessels, alterations in the pulsation absorber may play a pathophysiological role. One measure of alterations in the way the brain deals with pulsatile input—the CPA measurement—changes dramatically with the imposition of hydrocephalus. Results in the present study suggest that CPA may serve as a complementary metric to the conventional static measure of intracranial compliance in other experimental and clinical studies.

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“…The Evans ratio is a commonly used clinical indicator of ventricular dilation, but volumetric measurements of the lateral ventricles in experimental hydrocephalus models suggest that the measured extent of ventricular enlargement is 3-to 4-fold larger than that estimated with the Evans ratio. 27 Furthermore, few studies have investigated the consequences of numerous shunt revisions and persistently enlarged ventricles on cognitive functioning, and most (but not all) studies of children indicate no correlation of the number of shunt revisions with IQ scores. 35 However, these studies rarely incorporated quantitative neuroimaging measures, particularly DTI, which are sensitive to changes in WM integrity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Postshunt lateral ventricular volume, white matter integrity, and intellectual outcomes in spina bifida and hydrocephalus

Williams

Juranek²,

Stuebing

et al. 2015

PED

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OBJECT No previous reports exist that have evaluated the relationships of white matter (WM) integrity with the number of shunt revisions, ventricular volume after shunting, and cognition in medically stable children who have spina bifida and hydrocephalus (SBH). The authors hypothesized that enlarged ventricles and a greater number of shunt revisions decrease WM integrity in children. METHODS In total, 80 children (mean age 13.7 years) who had SBH underwent MRI and IQ testing. Probabilistic diffusion tractography was performed to determine mean diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics along the frontal and parietal tectocortical pathways. The DTI metrics were evaluated for significant correlation with a composite IQ measure and with the total number of shunt revisions and the total lateral ventricular volume obtained through semiautomated parcellation of T1-weighted MRI scans. RESULTS An enlargement in total lateral ventricle volume and an increase in the number of shunt revisions were both associated with higher fractional anisotropy (FA) and with lower radial diffusivity (RD) along both frontal and parietal tectocortical pathways. Children who had not undergone a shunt revision had on average a greater lateral ventricle volume and higher FA and lower RD along frontal and parietal pathways than those who had undergone multiple shunt revisions. The mean DTI metrics along parietal pathways predicted IQ scores, but intellectual ability was not significantly correlated with ventricular volume or with the number of lifetime shunt revisions. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in DTI metrics were observed as a function of ventricular volume. An increased lateral ventricle volume was associated with elevated FA and decreased RD. Given that the participants were medically stable at the time of the MRI examination, the results suggested that those who have enlarged ventricles show a DTI pattern consistent with axonal compression due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in attenuated hydrocephalus. Although limited by a cross-sectional design, the study's findings suggest that DTI metrics may serve as sensitive indicators for chronic, mild hydrocephalus in the absence of overt clinical symptoms due to increased ICP. Having enlarged ventricles and undergoing multiple shunt revisions did not affect intellectual ability in children with SBH.

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Differential Ventricular Expansion in Hydrocephalus

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Changes caused by hidrocephalus, induced by kaolin, in the corpus callosum of adult dogs

Alterations of pulsation absorber characteristics in experimental hydrocephalus

Postshunt lateral ventricular volume, white matter integrity, and intellectual outcomes in spina bifida and hydrocephalus

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