Differentially Regulated Apolipoproteins and Lipid Profiles as Novel Biomarkers for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract

Lipid dyshomeostasis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various retinal and choroidal vascular diseases. This study aims to investigate whether apolipoprotein (apo) mediated differential regulation of lipid metabolism contributes to the phenotypes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). This study involved 148 subjects including 53 patients with PCV, 44 patients with nAMD, and 51 age-, sex-matched subjects with normal fundus controls. Routine blood biochemistry profile was evaluated. Apolipoproteins was estimated by Luminex technology. After controlling for age, gender, body mass index, duration of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, apoB/non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p=0.015) was an independent risk factor for nAMD, apoB was an independent risk factor for PCV(p=0.011), compared with control. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly higher in patients with PCV when compared with nAMD (p=0.037). Furthermore, apoB/non-HDL, LDL-C, triglycerides and were significantly correlated with the pathogenesis of subgroups of PCV and nAMD. We concluded that lipid profiles and apos are differential regulated in PCV, nAMD and their subtypes, indicating different pathogenicity contributed to the different phenotypes of PCV and nAMD. Non-pachy PCV shares pathological similarities with nAMD, which is highly correlated with age-related atherosclerosis.

Distinctive Imaging Characteristics of Retinal and Cerebral Vessels between Central and Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion by MRI and AI-Based Image Analyzer

“…When group comparison between BRVO-and CRVO-affected eyes occurs, OR > 1 means the variable is an independent risk factor for the study eyes, and OR < 1 means the variable is a protecting factor for the study eyes. p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance [19].…”

Serum Amyloid A 4 as a Common Marker of Persistent Inflammation in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

“…Osteosclerosis and osteoarthritis were observed in Ltbp-3 −/− mice. 50 Based on the previous hypothesis regarding the differential pathological mechanisms of PCV and nAMD, 51 , 52 we selected DCD and LTBP-3 as novel DEPs in these two groups for further validation. Although these novel DEPs were identified in both nAMD and PCV, the downregulation of DCD and LTBP-3 was not reproduced using the ELISA assay (data not shown).…”

Drusen in AMD from the Perspective of Cholesterol Metabolism and Hypoxic Response

“…However, many previous studies did not find a significant relationship between serum or plasma lipids and AMD, although several studies of larger size found a significant effect of high HDL on developing AMD [38,39]. In addition, it has been recently reported that ApoB/non-HDL-C is an independent risk factor for typical AMD, and apoB is an independent risk factor for PCV [40]. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is significantly higher in patients with PCV when compared with typical AMD [40].…”

“…In addition, it has been recently reported that ApoB/non-HDL-C is an independent risk factor for typical AMD, and apoB is an independent risk factor for PCV [40]. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is significantly higher in patients with PCV when compared with typical AMD [40]. Therefore, consideration should be given to the systemic diseases of AMD patients, and perhaps the results of medical examinations might be consulted.…”