Differentiated Effects of Allyl Isothiocyanate in Diabetic Rats: From Toxic to Beneficial Action

Abstract

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a constituent of Brassica family plants, has been reported to possess a high bioactivity in animal and human cells, showing ambiguous properties from adverse to beneficial ones. It was reported its genotoxic, carcinogenic, goitrogenic effects. On the other side, AITC has shown anti-cancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and lately anti-obesity abilities. So far, its anti-diabetic effects are poorly explored. We tried to assess AITC action on carbohydrate, lipid and hormonal disorders in high fat diet-fed/streptozotocin diabetic rats. In this report, diabetic rats were treated intragastrically at doses 2.5, 5 and 25 mg/kg b.w./day of AITC for 2 weeks. Irrespectively of doses, AITC considerably lowered thyroid hormones (fT4, fT3), increased liver TG content, and also caused robust LDL-cholesterol and direct bilirubin concentration enhancement. Moreover, AITC at the highest dose caused pancreatic amylase and lipase drops and thyroid gland hypertrophy. AITC at 2.5 and 5 mg significantly reduced blood glucose levels along with robust beta-hydroxybutyric acid drop. Additionally, AITC at 5 mg improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR index) in spite of reduced blood insulin. To conclude, despite amelioration of diabetic hyperglycemia by AITC, the adverse lipids and hormonal effects may exclude its use as a health-promoting compound in terms of anti-diabetic properties.

Allyl isothiocyanate induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair‐associated proteins in a human gastric cancer cells in vitro

“…36 Although, diagnostic and surgical techniques improved the survival rate in patients with gastric cancer but still unsatisfied, limited therapeutic effects, therefore, more important to identify targets or markers or selected compounds from natural products for improved therapeutic efficacy in patients with gastric cancer that are required. Recently, it is well documented that AITC presents pharmacological effects including anticancer activities, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] however, slightly to address induced DNA damage, thus, we investigate AITC-induced cell death whether or not through the effects of DNA damage and repair associated proteins in gastric cancer. We selected two gastric cancer cell lines (AGS and SNU-1) for the whole studies.…”

“…17 ITCs may suppress oncogenesis and tumor progression 18 and it may diminish the risk of bladder cancer recurrence. 19 Numerous preclinical studies have shown that AITC has pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, 20 antioxidant, 21 chemoprevention, [22][23][24] antiobesity, 25,26 anti-inflammatory, 27,28 and anticancer 29,30 activities.…”

“…ITCs may suppress oncogenesis and tumor progression 18 and it may diminish the risk of bladder cancer recurrence 19 . Numerous preclinical studies have shown that AITC has pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, 20 antioxidant, 21 chemoprevention, 22–24 antiobesity, 25,26 anti‐inflammatory, 27,28 and anticancer 29,30 activities. Recently, our earlier studies have shown that AITC‐induced DNA damage and affects DNA repair‐associated protein expression in human colon cancer cells in vitro 31 .…”

The Anti-Diabetic Potential of Baicalin: Evidence from Rodent Studies

“…Moreover, this compound can protect organs and tissues against various toxins [ 6 , 98 ]. This is a relevant feature since some compounds may have contradictory action, alleviating diabetes-related changes at lower doses and aggravating them at higher doses [ 99 , 100 ].…”

Effects of Allyl Isothiocyanate on Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

“…Elevated Cu/Zn ratios are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and disrupted immune status [ 21 ]. Recently, we have shown that AITC affects hormone levels and metabolic status in diabetic rats [ 22 ]. However, there are no sufficient data on the influence of this compound on oxidative and inflammatory stress in rats with experimentally induced diabetes.…”