Differentiating Alzheimer's Patients from the Normal Elderly and Stroke Patients with Aphasia

Bayles, Kathryn A.; Boone, Daniel R.; Tomoeda, Cheryl K.; Slauson, Thomas J.; Kaszniak, Alfred W.

doi:10.1044/jshd.5401.74

Cited by 71 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…All participants scored 27 or better on the MMSE (mean: 29.6), above lower-quartile cutoff scores for healthy older adults (Bleecker, Bolla-Wilson, Kawas & Agnew, 1988). All participants also had a delayed:immediate recall ratio of .70 or better on the ABCD (mean: .97), above the reported scores for adults with dementia (Bayles, Boone, Tomoeda, Slauson & Kaszniak, 1989). Furthermore, all participants passed a 40dB pure-tone hearing screen (unaided) at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz bilaterally.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 71%

The influence of event-related knowledge on verb-argument processing in aphasia

Dickey

Warren

2015

Neuropsychologia

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Event-related conceptual knowledge outside the language system rapidly affects verb-argument processing in unimpaired adults (McRae & Matsuki, 2009). Some have argued that verb-argument processing is in fact reducible to the activation of such event-related knowledge. However, data favoring this conclusion have come primarily from college-aged healthy adults, for whom both linguistic and conceptual semantic processing is fast and automatic. This study examined the influence of event-related knowledge on verb-argument processing among adults with aphasia (n=8) and older unimpaired controls (n=60), in two self-paced reading studies. Participants read sentences containing a plausible verb-argument combination (Mary used a knife to chop the large carrots before dinner), a combination that violated event-related world knowledge (Mary used some bleach to clean the large carrots before dinner), or a combination that violated the verb’s selectional restrictions (Mary used a pump to inflate the large carrots before dinner). The participants with aphasia naturally split into two groups: Group 1 (n=4) had conceptual-semantic impairments (evidenced by poor performance on tasks like Pyramids & Palm Trees) but reasonably intact language processing (higher Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia Quotients), while Group 2 (n=4) had intact conceptual semantics but poorer language processing. Older unimpaired controls and aphasic Group 1 showed rapid on-line disruption for sentences with selectional-restriction violations (SRVs) and event-related knowledge violations, and also showed SRV-specific penalties in sentence-final acceptability judgments (Experiment 1) and comprehension questions (Experiment 2). In contrast, Group 2 showed very few reliable differences across conditions in either on-line or off-line measures. This difference between aphasic groups suggests that verb-related information and event-related knowledge may be dissociated in aphasia. Furthermore, it suggests that intact language processing is more critical for successful verb-argument integration than intact access to event-related world knowledge. This pattern is unexpected if verb-argument processing is reducible to activation of event-related conceptual knowledge.

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Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 71%

The influence of event-related knowledge on verb-argument processing in aphasia

Dickey

Warren

2015

Neuropsychologia

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“…This ratio, which compares the amount of information recalled in an immediate condition compared to the amount of information recalled approximately 60 minutes later (delayed) is multiplied by 100 to yield the percentage remembered. Bayles et al [38] showed that normal elderly subjects (mean age = 70, SD = 7.25) will forget on average only *4% of the information that they immediately recalled, while mild dementia patients will forget *98%. All individuals enrolled had a delayed/immediate recall ratio that was greater than 95%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coordination of Breathing and Swallowing in Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2007

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Multiple investigations have determined that healthy adults swallow most often during exhalation and that exhalation regularly follows the swallow, even when a swallow occurs during inhalation. We hypothesized that persons with idiopathic Parkinson's disease would demonstrate impaired breathing and swallowing coordination during spontaneous eating. Twenty-five healthy volunteers and 25 Parkinson's disease patients spontaneously swallowed calibrated pudding and cookie portions while simultaneous nasal airflow and respiratory inductance plethysmography were used to track spontaneous breathing. Surface EMG was used to record the timing of each swallow within the respiratory cycle. When compared to the healthy control group, those with Parkinson's disease swallowed significantly more often during inhalation and at low tidal volumes. The Parkinson's participants also exhibited significantly more postswallow inhalation for both consistencies. Only the healthy subjects exhibited significantly longer deglutitive apnea when swallows that occurred during inhalation were compared with those that occurred during exhalation. The high incidence of oropharyngeal dysphagia and risk of aspiration pneumonia found in Parkinson's disease patients may be partially attributable to impaired coordination of breathing and swallowing.

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“…The demarcation of linguistic deficits associated with APH versus primary cognitive impairments in AD is too simplistic. Clearly, linguistic deficits commonly appear as an early symptom of AD (Bayles et al 1989) and cognitive deficits are frequently documented in APH (Chapman and Ulatowska 1994). This study demonstrated that low language performance, on the standardized language measures, appears to be a sensitive predictor of failure on spontaneous proverb interpretations regardless of the diagnostic classification of either APH or AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proverb interpretation in fluent aphasia and Alzheimer's disease: Implications beyond abstract thinking

et al. 1997

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This study compared proverb processing across three groups, i.e. patients with fluent aphasia (APH), patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and normal control subjects (NC). Proverb stimuli were used to examine the effects of group membership and proverb familiarity in two presentation formats (i.e. spontaneous versus multiple-choice) on performance. The sensitivity of linguistic and cognitive measures as predictors of ability to interpret proverbs was also investigated. In relation to NC subjects, patients with fluent APH exhibited significant difficulty formulating responses for familiar and unfamiliar spontaneous proverbs, whereas patients with AD demonstrated lower performance only on the unfamiliar proverbs. On the multiple-choice paradigm, however, patients with APH exhibited minimal difficulty. Conversely, the patients with AD manifested significant problems selecting the correct abstract response for familiar proverbs. With regard to predictors, language was relevant to familiar proverb interpretations and to proverbs presented in the spontaneous format. Cognition was a sensitive predictor for unfamiliar proverb interpretations and to the multiple-choice format. Deficits on the proverb tasks are discussed with reference to the potential breakdown of underlying linguistic and cognitive processes. The present data support the diagnostic value of proverbs in elucidating brain-behaviour relationships.

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Differentiating Alzheimer's Patients from the Normal Elderly and Stroke Patients with Aphasia

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

The influence of event-related knowledge on verb-argument processing in aphasia

The influence of event-related knowledge on verb-argument processing in aphasia

The Coordination of Breathing and Swallowing in Parkinson’s Disease

Proverb interpretation in fluent aphasia and Alzheimer's disease: Implications beyond abstract thinking

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