Differentiating between integration and non-integration strategies in perceptual decision making

Stine, Gabriel M; Zylberberg, Ariel; Ditterich, Jochen; Shadlen, Michael N.

doi:10.7554/elife.55365

Cited by 75 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Recent work has suggested that when traditional evidence accumulation tasks are performed, it is hard to dissociate whether subjects are combining information across samples, or whether conventional analyses may be disguising a simpler heuristic ( Waskom and Kiani, 2018 ; Stine et al, 2020 ). In particular, an alternative decision-making strategy which does not involve temporal accumulation of evidence is to detect the single most extreme sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A circuit mechanism for decision-making biases and NMDA receptor hypofunction

Cavanagh

Lam

Murray

et al. 2020

eLife

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Decision-making biases can be features of normal behaviour, or deficits underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms. We used behavioural psychophysics, spiking-circuit modelling and pharmacological manipulations to explore decision-making biases during evidence integration. Monkeys showed a pro-variance bias (PVB): a preference to choose options with more variable evidence. The PVB was also present in a spiking circuit model, revealing a potential neural mechanism for this behaviour. To model possible effects of NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) antagonism on this behaviour, we simulated the effects of NMDA-R hypofunction onto either excitatory or inhibitory neurons in the model. These were then tested experimentally using the NMDA-R antagonist ketamine, a pharmacological model of schizophrenia. Ketamine yielded an increase in subjects’ PVB, consistent with lowered cortical excitation/inhibition balance from NMDA-R hypofunction predominantly onto excitatory neurons. These results provide a circuit-level mechanism that bridges across explanatory scales, from the synaptic to the behavioural, in neuropsychiatric disorders where decision-making biases are prominent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A circuit mechanism for decision-making biases and NMDA receptor hypofunction

Cavanagh

Lam

Murray

et al. 2020

eLife

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“…The number and location of the different directional cues within the song was systematically varied (Fig. S1), which was critical for calibrating the model parameters (Stine et al, 2020). For instance, responses to songs with serially conflicting directional information in which syllables at the beginning of the song indicated a female in the direction of one speaker and those at the end of the song indicated a female in the opposite direction reveal over how many syllables males integrate and when decisions are fixed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific speed-accuracy tradeoffs shape neural processing of acoustic signals in a grasshopper

Clemens

Ronacher

Reichert

2020

Preprint

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Speed-accuracy tradeoffs - being fast at the risk of being wrong - are fundamental to many decisions and natural selection is expected to resolve these tradeoffs according to the costs and benefits of behavior. We here test the prediction that females and males should integrate information from courtship signals differently because they experience different payoffs along the speed-accuracy continuum. We fitted a neural model of decision making to behavioral data to determine the parameters of temporal integration of acoustic directional information used by male grasshoppers to locate receptive females. The model revealed that males had a low threshold for initiating a turning response, yet a large integration time constant enabled them to continue to gather information when cues were weak. This contrasts with parameters estimated for females of the same species when evaluating potential mates, in which thresholds for response were much higher and behavior was strongly influenced by unattractive stimuli. Our results reveal differences in neural integration consistent with the sex-specific costs of mate search: Males often face competition and need to be fast, females often pay high error costs and need to be deliberate.

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“…The LDDM builds off the simplest form of a drift-diffusion model, and various extensions and related models have been proposed to better fit behavioral data, including urgency signals [47,[59][60][61][62], history-dependent effects [63][64][65][66][67][68][69], imperfect sensory integration [35], confidence [58,70,71], and multi-alternative choices [72,73]. More broadly, it remains unclear whether the drift-diffusion framework in fact underlies perceptual decision making, with a variety of other proposals providing differing accounts [38,74,75]. We speculate that the qualitative learning speed/instantaneous reward rate trade-off that we formally derive in the LDDM would also arise in other models of within-trial decision making dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rats strategically manage learning during perceptual decision making

Masís

Chapman

Rhee

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Balancing the speed and accuracy of decisions is crucial for survival, but how organisms manage this trade-off during learning is largely unknown. Here, we track this trade-off during perceptual learning in rats and simulated agents. At the start of learning, rats chose long reaction times that did not optimize instantaneous reward rate, but by the end of learning chose near-optimal reaction times. To understand this behavior, we analyzed learning dynamics in a recurrent neural network model of the task. The model reveals a fundamental trade-off between instantaneous reward rate and perceptual learning speed, putting the goals of learning quickly and accruing immediate reward in tension. We find that the rats’ strategy of long initial responses can dramatically expedite learning, yielding higher total reward over task engagement. Our results demonstrate that prioritizing learning can be advantageous from a total reward perspective, and suggest that rats engage in cognitive control of learning.

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Differentiating between integration and non-integration strategies in perceptual decision making

Cited by 75 publications

References 63 publications

A circuit mechanism for decision-making biases and NMDA receptor hypofunction

A circuit mechanism for decision-making biases and NMDA receptor hypofunction

Sex-specific speed-accuracy tradeoffs shape neural processing of acoustic signals in a grasshopper

Rats strategically manage learning during perceptual decision making

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