Differentiating Between Precursor and Control Variables When Analyzing Reasoned Action Theories

Hennessy, Michael; Bleakley, Amy; Fishbein, Martin; Brown, Larry K.; DiClemente, Ralph J.; Römer, Daniel; Valois, Robert F.; Vanable, Peter A.; Carey, Michael P.; Salazar, Laura F.

doi:10.1007/s10461-009-9560-z

Cited by 55 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In particular, the results do not support the model's “principle of theoretical sufficiency,” which contends that the impact of exogenous factors on behavior is mediated fully through cognitions (e.g., see Ajzen & Albarracin, 2007; Hennessy et al, 2010). However, one possible concern is that the IM measures address cognitions about the mother's behavior (e.g., attitude towards permitting the child to watch) but the outcome in the analysis is her report of how much watching the child does.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Predicting US Infants' and Toddlers' TV/Video Viewing Rates: Mothers' Cognitions and Structural Life Circumstances

Vaala

Hornik

2013

Journal of Children and Media

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There has been rising international concern over media use with children under two. As little is known about the factors associated with more or less viewing among very young children, this study examines maternal factors predictive of TV/video viewing rates among American infants and toddlers. Guided by the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, this survey study examines relationships between children's rates of TV/video viewing and their mothers' structural life circumstances (e.g., number of children in the home; mother's screen use), and cognitions (e.g., attitudes; norms). Results suggest that mothers' structural circumstances and cognitions respectively contribute independent explanatory power to the prediction of children's TV/video viewing. Influence of structural circumstances is partially mediated through cognitions. Mothers' attitudes as well as their own TV/video viewing behavior were particularly predictive of children's viewing. Implications of these findings for international efforts to understand and reduce infant/toddler TV/video exposure are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Predicting US Infants' and Toddlers' TV/Video Viewing Rates: Mothers' Cognitions and Structural Life Circumstances

Vaala

Hornik

2013

Journal of Children and Media

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“…Recent developments in the study of normative influence have re-categorized norms into 'injunctive' (what is perceived as being approved or disapproved) and 'descriptive' (what appears to be actually occurring) components (Hennessy, 2010). Interventions that stress descriptive norms may not be effective if they reinforce the belief that challenges are too big for individual actions to have any impact on resolving them (Cialdini, 2007;Semenza et al, 2008).The weakness of simply providing information in anticipation of it leading to behaviour change is acknowledged in the extant literature; as are the inadequacies of many current theories in capturing and charting the interaction of these factors across different population groups (Lorenzoni et al, 2007).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes of undergraduate business students toward sustainability issues

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et al. 2015

International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education

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Abstract:Purpose -This paper reports on findings from the first phase of a longitudinal study of undergraduate business students' attitudes, beliefs and perceptions concerning sustainability issues.Design/methodology/approach -In order to improve understanding of the potential effects of changes in the curriculum, business students enrolled during the academic year prior to a redesigned, sustainability-informed, curriculum were surveyed. Familiarity with key sustainability terms was tested using a semi-structured questionnaire applied across two campuses of James Cook University, Australia. Quantitative data were complemented by use of open-ended questions that yielded qualitative insight into a range of student knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and normative influences relating to sustainability and climate change.Findings -Findings reflect naïve awareness of the potential impact of individual contributions to sustainability and environmental challenges. They reveal a tendency to regard major issues as beyond personal control and to view solutions as being the responsibility of others. This is coupled with reluctance to consider major lifestyle changes.Social implications -Universities are increasing their focus on sustainability related issues and the ways in which these can be effectively communicated via curricula. This article carries implications for this societal agenda, particularly in relation to the need to address disconnections between awareness of issues, personal relevance and effective strategies for addressing sustainability issues.Originality/value -The findings shed fresh light on the attitudes and behavioural dispositions of undergraduate business students and could help guide the development and delivery of curriculum content.2

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“…This study focused on smokers' intention to engage in such actions. Following the approach described by Hennessy et al (2010) for conducting the theory of planned behavior analyses, we treated exposure to a smoke-free air law (i.e., a policy intervention) and extent of agreement with regulating smoking in public places (i.e., a policy-specific variable) as background variables. Importantly, this is different from Fong et al's (2006) framework, which conceptualizes the policy-specific variable as mediating the effect of exposure to policy on cessation behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore the Relation Between Smoke-Free Air Laws and Quitting Intentions

et al. 2011

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Smoke-free air policies have been shown to reduce smoking, but the mechanism of behavior change is not well understood. The authors used structural equation modeling to conduct a theory of planned behavior analysis with data from 395 smokers living in seven Texas cities, three with a comprehensive smoke-free air law and four without a comprehensive law. Agreement with regulating smoking in public places was significantly associated with attitudes and perceived normative pressure about quitting. Nicotine dependence was significantly associated with attitudes and perceived behavioral control. There was also a direct effect of nicotine dependence on intention to take measures to quit smoking. Smoke-free air laws appear to influence quitting intentions through the formation of positive attitudes about regulating smoking in public places and the perception of normative pressure to take measures to quit. Implications for smoke-free air policy campaigns and challenges in evaluating their effectiveness are discussed.

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Differentiating Between Precursor and Control Variables When Analyzing Reasoned Action Theories

Cited by 55 publications

References 44 publications

Predicting US Infants' and Toddlers' TV/Video Viewing Rates: Mothers' Cognitions and Structural Life Circumstances

Predicting US Infants' and Toddlers' TV/Video Viewing Rates: Mothers' Cognitions and Structural Life Circumstances

Attitudes of undergraduate business students toward sustainability issues

Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore the Relation Between Smoke-Free Air Laws and Quitting Intentions

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