Differentiating Cortical Areas Related to Pain Perception From Stimulus Identification: Temporal Analysis of fMRI Activity

Apkarian, A. Vania; Darbar, Aneela; Krauss, Beth R.; Gelnar, Patricia A.; Szeverenyi, Nikolaus M.

doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.6.2956

Cited by 103 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…2). Apkarian et al (48) have suggested a role for BA 7 in pain intensity perception (48). Our observation cannot be explained in terms of this account, as one of the comparisons in our conjunction analysis did not involve pain.…”

Section: Posterior Parietal Cortex (Ppcmentioning

confidence: 57%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Learning about pain: The neural substrate of the prediction error for aversive events

Ploghaus

Tracey

Clare

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

221

140

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Associative learning is thought to depend on detecting mismatches between actual and expected experiences. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), we studied brain activity during different types of mismatch in a paradigm where contrastingcolored lights signaled the delivery of painful heat, nonpainful warmth, or no stimulation. When painful heat stimulation was unexpected, there was increased FMRI signal intensity in areas of the hippocampus, superior frontal gyrus, cerebellum, and superior parietal gyrus that was not found with mismatch between expectation and delivery of nonpainful warmth stimulation. When painful heat stimulation was unexpectedly omitted, the FMRI signal intensity decreased in the left superior parietal gyrus and increased in the other regions. These contrasting activation patterns correspond to two different mismatch concepts in theories of associative learning (Rescorla-Wagner, temporal difference vs. Pearce-Hall, Mackintosh). Searching for interventions to specifically modulate activation of these brain regions therefore offers an approach to identifying new treatments for chronic pain, which often has a substantial associative learning component.L earning cues of impending pain allows future painful events to be anticipated and avoided (1, 2). Thus, learning associations between pain and predictive cues has fundamental adaptive value. However, such learning also can have adverse effects. It can exacerbate the unpleasantness of pain (3, 4) and can contribute to chronic pain states (5). We previously have identified brain regions activated by cues associated with pain (6). In this paper, we isolate brain regions that play a critical role in learning cue-pain associations.Learning of a cue-outcome association only takes place when there is a mismatch between outcome and the expectations based on perceived cues (7,8). The first goal of the present study, therefore, was to identify brain regions whose activation pattern is consistent with detecting mismatches between the expectation and the delivery of painful stimulation.The related second goal was to study the extent to which this mismatch-related brain activity conforms to predictions derived from theories of Pavlovian conditioning (9-12), which have formalized the relationship between mismatch detection and associative learning. In these models, mismatch is represented as the difference Ϫ V. Applied to associative learning about pain, represents the intensity of the actual pain and V represents the accumulated strength of the cue-pain association (i.e., the expectation of pain based on the cue). Associative learning corresponds to changes in V. When the intensity of a painful stimulus exceeds expectation, V is increased proportionally to the magnitude of the mismatch. The rate of learning decelerates over successive learning trials as V approaches .What happens, however, when the expectation exceeds the actual pain? In this situation, different models of associative learning have distinct predictions. In one theory (9), mismatc...

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Section: Posterior Parietal Cortex (Ppcmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Apkarian et al (48) showed that FMRI signal change in BA 5 and 7 in response to repeated, identical, painful stimulation correlated with mean pain intensity ratings. This observation is consistent with our hypothesis that BA 7 signals prediction error.…”

Section: Posterior Parietal Cortex (Ppcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning about pain: The neural substrate of the prediction error for aversive events

Ploghaus

Tracey

Clare

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

221

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A recent study demonstrated that a more posterior activity was more likely associated to the pain perception, whereas areas located more anterior reflected stimulus parameters of the thermal stimulation [37]. The posterior cingulate gyrus is suggested to be involved in visuospatial and memory functions [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Ratings of Pain Correlate with Subcortical-Limbic Blood Flow: An fMRI Study

Schneider¹,

Habel²,

Holthusen

et al. 2001

Neuropsychobiology

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Studies investigating the cerebral representations of pain using functional imaging techniques failed to elucidate the affective aspects of pain. This investigation used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure pain-related changes in cerebral activity during painful stimulation with a strong affective component. Vascular pain was induced via balloon dilatation of a dorsal foot vein of healthy volunteers. The subjects rated their perceived pain uninterruptedly during imaging, allowing cerebral activity to be correlated with both stimulus function (boxcar) and, more importantly, subjective ratings reflecting individual pain experience. The findings indicated signal increases in subcortical-limbic regions, particularly in the amygdala. This region is suggested to be involved in the affective dimension of pain.

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“…PPC is well known as an epicenter within a neurocognitive network of spatial attention (Mesulam 1999). Previous studies in humans have demonstrated that PPC can be activated by painful stimulation (Apkarian et al 1999). However, the role of PPC in pain perception remained unclear.…”

Section: Multiple Cortical Areas Are Involved In Nociception Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Processing of Nociception in Cortical Network in Conscious Rats: A Laser-evoked Field Potential Study

et al. 2007

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(1) Field potential study in conscious rats provides a convenient and effective animal model for pain mechanism and pharmacological research. However, the spatial-temporal character of nociception processing in cortex revealed by field potential technique in conscious rats remains unclear. (2) In the present study, multi-channel field potentials evoked by noxious laser stimulation applied to the hind paw of conscious rats were recorded through 12 chronically implanted skull electrodes. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to remove possible artifacts and to extract the specific nociception-related component. (3) Two fast sharp responses and one slow blunt response were evoked by noxious laser stimulation. Systemic morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) preferentially attenuated the amplitude of the slow blunt response while had no significant effect on the first two sharp responses. ICA revealed that those responses came from activities of contralateral anterior parietal area, medial frontal area and posterior parietal area. A movement artifact was also detected in this study. Partial directed coherence (PDC) analysis showed that there were changes of information flows from medial frontal and posterior parietal area to anterior parietal area after noxious laser stimulation. (4) Characterization of the spatio-temporal responses to noxious laser stimulation may be a valuable model for the study of pain mechanisms and for the assessment of analgesia.

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Differentiating Cortical Areas Related to Pain Perception From Stimulus Identification: Temporal Analysis of fMRI Activity

Cited by 103 publications

References 28 publications

Learning about pain: The neural substrate of the prediction error for aversive events

Learning about pain: The neural substrate of the prediction error for aversive events

Subjective Ratings of Pain Correlate with Subcortical-Limbic Blood Flow: An fMRI Study

Dynamic Processing of Nociception in Cortical Network in Conscious Rats: A Laser-evoked Field Potential Study

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