Differentiating the roles of microtubule-associated proteins at meiotic kinetochores during chromosome segregation

Kakui, Yasutaka; Sato, Masamitsu

doi:10.1007/s00412-015-0541-x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Connectedness between the homologs allows the centromere/kinetochore complex to be placed under mechanical tension, promoting both proper orientation of the homologs and maintaining inoperative the Bspindle assembly checkpoint^(SAC), with consequent progression to anaphase. The review of Kakui and Sato (2015) describes studies mainly made in yeast, and underlines how meiosis-specific regulation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments have differentiated from mitosis to meiosis in order to ensure faithful and efficient chromosome segregation after meiotic recombination. On the same subject, Touati and Wassmann (2015) extensively reviews SAC mechanisms in mammalian female meiosis, further summarizing recent advances in the field.…”

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Special issue on “recent advances in meiotic chromosome structure, recombination and segregation”

2016

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PrefaceMeiosis is a central process in eukaryotic life, in that it is critical to genetic reassortment and generation of gametes containing the correct haploid chromosome complement. As such, its proper execution is critical for the maintenance, evolution and health of the species, and it is thus highly regulated. Although the molecular genetics of fungal systems has provided key information for the understanding of basic mechanisms that govern chromosome segregation during meiosis, the study of meiosis in multicellular organisms is more difficult. Indeed, the need for proper communication among germ cells and with somatic cells within gonads further increases the complexity of mechanisms that control meiotic chromosome dynamics. For these reasons, the basic mechanisms and regulation of meiosis in higher eukaryotes are still far from fully understood and represent a challenge for present and future generations of researchers. In this Special Issue (SI), by looking at both unicellular and multicellular organisms as models, the authors provide an updated view of key processes and molecular players that regulate meiotic events. Such players are required for the establishment of the unique properties of meiotic chromosome that underlie the formation and placement of crossovers and that promote and monitor proper partition of meiotic chromosomes among daughter cells. The Issue has been entitled BRecent Advances in Meiotic Chromosome Structure, Recombination and Segregation^, and it consists of fourteen exciting manuscripts (seven original research articles and seven reviews) that present the most recent discoveries and views in the field. Original research articlesDuring prophase of the first meiotic division, double strand breaks (DSBs) are produced by SPO11 protein, and repair of these breaks in mammals promotes recombination, pairing and synapsis between the homologous chromosomes (homologs). Using an elegant mouse model carrying rearranged sex chromosomes, Decarpentrie et al. (2015) provide new insight into patterns of recombination between the X and Y chromosomes in male mice.In addition to DSB formation per se, timing and level of DSBs are also thought to be crucial to guarantee accurate progression of recombination. Using a Spo11-transgenic mouse model that expresses reduced levels of SPO11, Faieta et al. (2015) determine the level of DSBs needed to support proper pairing and synapsis of homologs. They show that, during spermatogenesis, delayed chromosome synapsis between homologs that received Btoo few^DSBs at leptonema, can be rescued by a late-forming wave of DSBs.DSB formation and recombination are tightly integrated with higher-order chromosome structure. Pairs of sister chromatids are organized into a series of loops anchored at their bases along a structural axis called the axial element. At the pachytene stage, homologs are held together along their lengths by a tripartite structure called the synaptonemal complex, which comprises two lateral elements (formerly the axial element of * Marco Barchi

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Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Special issue on “recent advances in meiotic chromosome structure, recombination and segregation”

2016

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Unitary Physiology

Torday¹,

Miller²

2018

Comprehensive Physiology

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The common relationships among a great variety of biological phenomena seem enigmatic when considered solely at the level of the phenotype. The deep connections in physiology, for example, between the effects of maternal food restriction in utero and the subsequent incidence of metabolic syndrome in offspring, the effects of microgravity on cell polarity and reproduction in yeast, stress effects on jellyfish, and their endless longevity, or the relationship between nutrient abundance and the colonial form in slime molds, are not apparent by phenotypic observation. Yet all of these phenomena are ultimately determined by the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) gene and its associated signaling complexes. In the same manner, the unfolding of evolutionary physiology can be explained by a comparable application of the common principle of cell-cell signaling extending across complex developmental and phylogenetic traits. It is asserted that a critical set of physiologic and phenotypic adaptations emanated from a few crucial, ancestral receptor gene duplications that enabled the successful terrestrial transition of vertebrates from water to land. In combination, mTor and its cognate receptors and a few crucial genetic duplications provide a mechanistic common denominator across a diverse spectrum of biological responses. The proper understanding of their purpose yields a unified concept of physiology and its evolutionary development. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:761-771, 2018.

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Holocentromere identity: from the typical mitotic linear structure to the great plasticity of meiotic holocentromeres

Marques

Pedrosa‐Harand

2016

Chromosoma

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The centromere is the chromosomal site of kinetochore assembly and is responsible for the correct chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotes. Contrary to monocentrics, holocentric chromosomes lack a primary constriction, what is attributed to a kinetochore activity along almost the entire chromosome length during mitosis. This extended centromere structure imposes a problem during meiosis, since sister holocentromeres are not co-oriented during first meiotic division. Thus, regardless of the relatively conserved somatic chromosome structure of holocentrics, during meiosis holocentric chromosomes show different adaptations to deal with this condition. Recent findings in holocentrics have brought back the discussion of the great centromere plasticity of eukaryotes, from the typical CENH3-based holocentromeres to CENH3-less holocentric organisms. Here, we summarize recent and former findings about centromere/kinetochore adaptations shown by holocentric organisms during mitosis and meiosis and discuss how these adaptations are related to the type of meiosis found.

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Differentiating the roles of microtubule-associated proteins at meiotic kinetochores during chromosome segregation

Cited by 3 publications

References 110 publications

Special issue on “recent advances in meiotic chromosome structure, recombination and segregation”

Special issue on “recent advances in meiotic chromosome structure, recombination and segregation”

Unitary Physiology

Holocentromere identity: from the typical mitotic linear structure to the great plasticity of meiotic holocentromeres

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