Differentiation between dysmyelination and demyelination using magnetic resonance diffusional anisotropy

Ono, Jiro; Harada, K.; Takahashi, Masaya; Maeda, Masayuki; Ikenaka, Kazuhiro; Sakurai, Kosuke; Sakai, Norio; Kagawa, Tetsushi; Fritz‐Zieroth, Bernhard; Nagai, Toshisaburo; Nihei, Akio; Hashimoto, Shigeo; Okada, Shintaro

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)01335-f

Cited by 86 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These results confirm those of earlier studies which showed that in rat pups the presence of anisotropy predated that of myelination, 126 and that in mutant mouse strains where myelination of the optic and trigeminal nerves is impaired the anisotropy is still the same as in healthy mice. 127 Studies performed on newborn humans 128 130 show a consistent picture of elevated ADC in newborns compared to the adult. The reduction in ADC shows a significant correlation with increasing gestational age, 129 and the concomitant reduction in T 2 .…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 94%

The effects of microscopic tissue parameters on the diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging experiment

2001

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This review examines the way in which microscopic tissue parameters can affect MR experiments which are sensitive to diffusion. The interaction between the intra-and extravascular as well as that between the intraand extracellular spaces is examined. Susceptibility gradients due to the presence of deoxyhemoglobin can cause diffusion-induced signal losses which are significant in functional magnetic resonance experiments, particularly at higher main magnetic field strengths. This is also true of the fast response that manifests itself as an early negative signal change in functional magnetic resonance experiments. The fields surrounding paramagnetic vessels are described and the way in which diffusion in these fields contributes to functional signal changes is examined. Flow in the capillary bed can be a confounding factor in experiments which aim to examine the diffusion characteristics of extravascular water. It is potentially also a method for assessing capillary perfusion. The intravoxel incoherent motion experiment is described in terms of how significantly this effect can influence diffusion attenuation curves from water. The major models for describing water diffusion in tissue are presented, as are the main experimental results that have contributed to an understanding of the mechanisms of diffusion contrast. The widely accepted view that changes in the diffusion characteristics are caused by a shift of water to the intracellular space and a concomitant change in extracellular tortuosity is examined critically. More recent experiments that indicate that a reduction in the intracellular diffusion may occur simultaneously with the cell swelling are described and their compatibility with existing models discussed.

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Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 94%

The effects of microscopic tissue parameters on the diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging experiment

2001

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“…36,37 The 2 week old 'jimpy' mouse had persistent diffusion anisotropy in the optic nerve relative to age-matched controls despite the absence of myelination (axons are preserved), although the degree of anisotropy was relatively low in both cases. 38 Significant anisotropy was observed in the non-myelinated vagus nerve of the rat. ).…”

Section: Postulated Sources and Investigation Of Diffusion Anisotropymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…38,40 Significant residual, albeit lower compared to normal, anisotropy is still present in those cases where histology demonstrated preservation of axons. In summary, the loss of longitudinal order given by the underlying membrane structure, either the axonal membranes themselves and/or the myelin sheaths, in nerve and white matter fibres results in significant reductions in anisotropic water diffusion in animal models of pathology that demonstrate axonal loss and/or demyelination.…”

Section: Anisotropyðinsight From Pathological Models Demyelination Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system – a technical review

2002

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Anisotropic water diffusion in neural fibres such as nerve, white matter in spinal cord, or white matter in brain forms the basis for the utilization of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to track fibre pathways. The fact that water diffusion is sensitive to the underlying tissue microstructure provides a unique method of assessing the orientation and integrity of these neural fibres, which may be useful in assessing a number of neurological disorders. The purpose of this review is to characterize the relationship of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of water diffusion and its anisotropy (i.e. directional dependence) with the underlying microstructure of neural fibres. The emphasis of the review will be on model neurological systems both in vitro and in vivo. A systematic discussion of the possible sources of anisotropy and their evaluation will be presented followed by an overview of various studies of restricted diffusion and compartmentation as they relate to anisotropy. Pertinent pathological models, developmental studies and theoretical analyses provide further insight into the basis of anisotropic diffusion and its potential utility in the nervous system.

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“…DTI is likely to have similar properties in humans and experimental animals, as shown by comparisons between humans with multiple sclerosis and animal models of demyelinating diseases (Bammer et al, 2000;Filippi et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2006;Song et al, 2005). This method has been used to detect white matter pathology in experimental animal models of neurological diseases (Gaviria et al, 2006;Gulani et al, 2001;Nair et al, 2005;Ono et al, 1995;Song et al, 2004;Song et al, 2003;Song et al, 2005), including traumatic spinal cord injury (Deo et al, 2006;Nevo et al, 2001;Schwartz et al, 2005) by exploiting its sensitivity to white matter orientation. It can provide information about brain microstructure by quantifying isotropic and anisotropic water diffusion (Huisman et al, 2003;Neil et al, 2002;Sundgren et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of traumatic axonal injury with diffusion tensor imaging in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury

Donald

Dikranian

Song

et al. 2007

Experimental Neurology

277

209

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Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is thought to be a major contributor to cognitive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI), however TAI is difficult to diagnose or characterize non-invasively. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has shown promise in detecting TAI, but direct comparison to histologically-confirmed axonal injury has not been performed. In the current study, mice were imaged with DTI, subjected to a moderate cortical controlled impact injury, and re-imaged 4-6 hours and 24 hours post-injury. Axonal injury was detected by amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) and neurofilament immunohistochemistry in pericontusional white matter tracts. The severity of axonal injury was quantified using stereological methods from APP stained histological sections. Two DTI parameters -axial diffusivity and relative anisotropy -were significantly reduced in the injured, pericontusional corpus callosum and external capsule, while no significant changes were seen with conventional MRI in these regions. The contusion was easily detectible on all MRI sequences. Significant correlations were found between changes in relative anisotropy and the density of APP tained axons across mice and across subregions spanning the spatial gradient of injury. The predictive value of DTI was tested using a region with DTI changes (hippocampal commissure) and a region without DTI changes (anterior commissure). Consistent with DTI predictions, there was histological detection of axonal injury in the hippocampal commissure and none in the anterior commissure.Corresponding Author: David Brody, MD PhD, Department of Neurology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, Phone: 314-747-0286, Fax: 314-362-2244 Email: brodyd@neuro.wustl.edu Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errorsmaybe discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. These results demonstrate that DTI is able to detect axonal injury, and support the hypothesis that DTI may be more sensitive than conventional imaging methods for this purpose. NIH Public Access

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Differentiation between dysmyelination and demyelination using magnetic resonance diffusional anisotropy

Cited by 86 publications

References 14 publications

The effects of microscopic tissue parameters on the diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging experiment

The effects of microscopic tissue parameters on the diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging experiment

The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system – a technical review

Detection of traumatic axonal injury with diffusion tensor imaging in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury

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