Differentiation between primary and recurrent cytomegalovirus infections

Schmitz, Herbert; Mohr, H.; Majoubi, M.

doi:10.1007/bf01314143

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Probably, affinity maturation of the antibodies or improved recognition of strain-specific epitopes during the first weeks after primary infection (Griffiths et al, 1984;Schmitz et al, 1986) may account for the strain-specificity of anti-LAV NP antibodies. In fact, a patient coming from Sierra Leone with Lassa fever, who had cross-reacting antibodies in early serum samples, developed a strain-specific antibody response to the Josiah strain only 10 weeks after onset of disease (unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Strain-specific antibody response to Lassa virus in the local population of west Africa

Emmerich

Günther

Schmitz

2008

Journal of Clinical Virology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Strain-specific antibody response to Lassa virus in the local population of west Africa

Emmerich

Günther

Schmitz

2008

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…It would thus be clinically important to be able to differentiate primary maternal CMV from reactivation infection or reinfection. Schmitz et al [1986] described a blocking test using labeled "early" and "late" antibodies to differentiate primary from recurrent CMV infection and O'Neill et al [19881 studied the proportion of antibodies produced against early and late antigen using immunofluorescence and complement fixation methods. The method used by Hedman and Rousseau for rubella would have a clear advantage in that it involves the introduction of a simple step a t the washing stage of a routine CMV IgG ELISA test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of primary cytomegalovirus infection from reactivation using the urea denaturation test for measuring antibody avidity

Blackburn

Besselaar

Schoub

et al. 1991

Journal of Medical Virology

108

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is probably the most common agent of prenatal infection of the newborn, and one of 20 congenitally infected newborns shows serious symptoms. It was therefore considered important to be able to differentiate primary CMV from reactivation in pregnant females. A urea denaturation test was used to distinguish primary from secondary rubella infection in which the urea is included in the wash step of the standard IgG ELISA. This resulted in the removal of low-avidity antibodies, which are the antibodies produced early in infection. A group of CMV IgM-negative and -positive sera were tested, and all but one showed moderate to high avidity, with an avidity index reading of more than 30%. Among a group of babies 3-12 months of age, who were CMV IgM positive, 55% (16 of 29) showed low-avidity CMV antibodies. A small group of renal transplant patients and patients with clinically and laboratory-confirmed CMV gave more or less predicted avidity index results. It appears that, with the method used at this laboratory, the urea denaturation test can be applied to CMV to determine primary infection or reactivation in the majority of cases.

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“…Several procedures have been described to differentiate primary from recurrent infections [27,[47][48][49][50][51]. Using a microneutralization assay, it was found that neutralizing antibodies first appear approximately 15 weeks after acute infection [52], making it possible to identify recent primary infection by the absence of neutralizing antibodies.…”

Section: Serological Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Advances in the Diagnosis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Lazzarotto¹,

Varani²,

Gabrielli³

et al. 1999

Intervirology

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With the advances in anticytomegalovirus (anti-CMV) serology, the new recombinant IgM tests seem likely to become the screening tests for pregnant women whose prepregnancy serological status for CMV is unknown. When a woman is found to be IgM-positive, further diagnostic evaluation focused on determining whether this is due to a primary infection should be carried out. Maternal primary infections that were difficult to determine until a few years ago unless documented by seroconversion can now be readily diagnosed from the presence of low-avidity anti-CMV antibody which persists for approximately 20 weeks after primary infection. In primarily infected mothers prenatal diagnosis can be performed between 21 and 23 weeks of gestation, and the amniotic fluid (AF) represents the pathological material of choice to determine intrauterine virus transmission. In AF, the virus can be detected by culture and/or PCR. Both procedures differentiate uninfected from infected fetuses, but cannot predict fetal outcome. The determination of the viral load in AF carried out by quantitative PCR is more promising and could represent an important starting point for preemptive fetal therapy.

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Differentiation between primary and recurrent cytomegalovirus infections

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Strain-specific antibody response to Lassa virus in the local population of west Africa

Strain-specific antibody response to Lassa virus in the local population of west Africa

Differentiation of primary cytomegalovirus infection from reactivation using the urea denaturation test for measuring antibody avidity

New Advances in the Diagnosis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

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