Differentiation of amylase isozyme in amniotic fluid with fetal age

Ogita, Sachio; Noma, Hideharu; Kawamura, T; Shimura, Kentaro; Ohnishi, Miho; Ishiko, Osamu; Sugawa, T

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90475-1

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Values for maximal activities were listed in Table 1. trend suggestive of an increase of amylase activity with an increase in age. These findings are similar to those derived from amniotic fluid studies from which similar levels of salivary amylase activity have been calculated from 16 wk of gestation to term (20).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Amylase in the Saliva and in the Gastric Aspirates of Premature Infants: Its Potential Role in Glucose Polymer Hydrolysis

et al. 1983

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SummaryAmylase activity was found in saliva from 13 infants, 26-42 wk corrected gestational age. The levels of salivary amylase activity increased with advancing age. In 10 infants, 31-38 wk corrected gestational age (estimated gestational age in wk plus age in wk after birth), gastric aspirates collected before a feeding and sequentially at 30-min intervals after two consecutive feedi n g~ were analyzed for amylase activity and pH. Two different postprandial patterns were obtained. For six of the 10 infants, both the pH and amylase activities of their gastric aspirates showed a distinct maxima at about 60 min after a feeding and a minima at 180 min just before the second feeding. In the remaining four infants, the pHs of their gastric aspirates remained relatively high (5.0-6.0) for the entire postprandial period. In these infants, there was a persistently high level of the amylase activity. In all 10 infants, amylase activity was found in their gastric aspirate samples when the pH was above 3.0. Comparison of the amylase in the gastric aspirate with purified pancreatic and salivary amylases by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the amylase in the gastric aspirate has an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of salivary amylase, which suggests a salivary origin. This study supports the possibility that salivary amylase could enter the stomach and retain a significant amount of its activity in premature infants.Starch and glucose polymers are given in some formulas to infants very early in life to accommodate the increased caloric demands. Clinical intolerance to glucose polymers has not been examined sufficiently. Pancreatic amylase is the key enzyme in hydrolysis of glucose polymers. Recognition of intolerance to glucose polymers has been rare in spite of the lack of pancreatic amylase in the duodenal fluids of young infants. In part, this can be due to the existence of alternate pathways with auxiliary enzymes for the hydrolysis of glucose polymers during the physiologic deficiency of pancreatic amylase. The auxiliary enzymes include: salivary amylase, small intestinal brush border glucoamylase and mammary amylase in the breast-fed infant. We have shown that glucoamylase reaches levels similar to those of older children at 1 month of age (13). Two studies have noted the presence of a-amylase in preterm and in term human milk. The ability of milk amylase to survive the gastric environment has been examined and its physiologic importance in the young infant discussed ( 1 1, 16). Recently, we also reported an investigation on the possible role of ingested mammary amylase in the hydrolysis of glucose polymers (1 0). Salivary amylase has been shown to be present in infancy and to reach adult levels much earlier than pancreatic amylase (I, 4, 5, 15, 2 1, 28). The level of salivary amylase in premature infants is however not known. In this study we determined whether the salivary amylase was present and active in gastric fluids during feeding. MATERIALS AND METHODSSubjects. The group of prematures inc...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Amylase in the Saliva and in the Gastric Aspirates of Premature Infants: Its Potential Role in Glucose Polymer Hydrolysis

et al. 1983

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“…Whereas in 1972 Laxova [9] found no pancreatic activity in 40 amniotic fluid samples examined by means of electrophoresis, the stud ies conducted by Wolf and Tausing [8], and Ogita et al [2] as well as our investigation give evidence of pan creatic amylase activity in amniotic fluid even though it may be limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In their search for systems less complicated in meth odological respect, several laboratories chose to deter mine the concentration of amylase in amniotic fluid [2][3][4][5]. However, as the ascertained data were ambiguous in their correlation to the L/S ratio this method was not widely adopted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amniotic Fluid Isoamylase Activity in Uneventful Pregnancies

Goepel¹,

Ulmer²,

Pahnke³

et al. 1989

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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A kinetic test (Phadebas®) was used to determine the isoamylase activity in 50 serum specimens and 159 samples of amniotic fluid. A highly significant difference between the isoamylase patterns of serum and amniotic fluid was ascertained which strongly supports the view that amylase activity in amniotic fluid is not of maternal origin. During the whole course of gestation the activity of pancreatic isoamylase was constantly low whereas there was an increase of nonpancreatic activity (S-type amylase) from 44 ± 10 U/l in the 18th week of gestation to 445 ± 170 U/l in week 39/40. A comparison between the dispersion of the ascertained values and the lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio showed a clear overlapping. There was a correlation coefficient of r = 0.645 for 115 amniotic fluid specimens examined in our investigation. The findings show that the estimation of nonpancreatic isoamylase (S-type amylase) activity in amniotic fluid is a valuable indirect parameter for determining fetal maturity and fetal lung maturity. The easy and quick determination method will provide even those hospitals with an index of fetal maturity which are presently not in a position to estimate the L/S ratio, thus being of great assistance in the field of premature deliveries.

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“…Furthermore it has been demonstrated that only a negligible proportion of the measured activity is of pancreatic origin (5.84 ± 4.04% according to our own investigations), the largest proportion being of nonpancreatic origin (s-type amy lase) [2,6,9,10]. After evaluating various cytograms, Wolf and Taussig [6] suggest that the ascertained non pancreatic amylase activity does not stem from intes tines or liver, but rather from the fetal salivary gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Risk Pregnancies and Amniotic Fluid Isoamylase Activity

Goepel¹,

Ulmer²,

Schlotfeldt³

1990

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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A kinetic test (Phadebas®) was employed to determine the isoamylase activity in 77 amniotic fluid samples taken from a total of 60 high-risk pregnancies at different gestational ages. It was ascertained that in high-risk pregnancies the s-type isoamylase level frequently deviates from the common scatter range of the respective week of gestation. The measured activity of the s-type isoamylase is subsequently set in relation to the pre- and postnatal state of the newborn. The findings support the assumption that in addition to ultrasound, hormone determination and cardiotocography, the estimation of s-type amylase activity in amniotic fluid may serve as an index for fetal well-being. A reduced secretion of the parotid gland as a result of fetal stress is discussed as a possible cause of the ascertained enzymatic changes in the amniotic fluid.

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Differentiation of amylase isozyme in amniotic fluid with fetal age

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Amylase in the Saliva and in the Gastric Aspirates of Premature Infants: Its Potential Role in Glucose Polymer Hydrolysis

Amylase in the Saliva and in the Gastric Aspirates of Premature Infants: Its Potential Role in Glucose Polymer Hydrolysis

Amniotic Fluid Isoamylase Activity in Uneventful Pregnancies

High-Risk Pregnancies and Amniotic Fluid Isoamylase Activity

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