Differentiation of Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis on the Basis of the
            <i>csaB</i>
            Gene Reflects Host Source

Zheng, Jinshui; Peng, Donghai; Song, Xiaoling; Ruan, Lifang; Mahillon, Jacques; Sun, Ming

doi:10.1128/aem.00591-13

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…That these groups of proteins cannot be expressed or form crystals in their mother cells may be due to the loss of ORF2 or some other similar factor. Furthermore, the existence of strains that contain cry genes but do not form crystals creates challenges for the phenotype-based B. cereus and B. thuringiensis classification system 30 31 ; using the existing strategy, some B. thuringiensis strains containing cry genes with “no crystals” phenotype may be classified as B. cereus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To discover novel cry genes, the typical starting point is to screen a novel B. thuringiensis strain. Thus far, a practical method of screening B. thuringiensis strains is to detect parasporal crystals by microscopy 30 31 . Using this method, a large number of B. thuringiensis strains have been isolated and maintained after detection of the parasporal crystals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The expression and crystallization of Cry65Aa require two C-termini, revealing a novel evolutionary strategy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins

Peng

Pang

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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The insecticidal crystal protein (Cry) genes of Bacillus thuringiensis are a key gene resource for generating transgenic crops with pest resistance. However, many cry genes cannot be expressed or form crystals in mother cells. Here, we report a novel Cry protein gene, cry65Aa1, which exists in an operon that contains a downstream gene encoding a hypothetical protein ORF2. We demonstrated that ORF2 is required for Cry65Aa1 expression and crystallization by function as a C-terminal crystallization domain. The orf2 sequence is also required for Cry65Aa expression, because orf2 transcripts have a stabilizing effect on cry65Aa1 transcripts. Furthermore, we found that the crystallization of Cry65Aa1 required the Cry65Aa1 C-terminus in addition to ORF2 or a typical Cry protein C-terminal region. Finally, we showed that Cry65Aa1 has a selective cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB231 cancer cells. This report is the first description of a 130-kDa mass range Cry protein requiring two C-termini for crystallization. Our findings reveal a novel evolutionary strategy of Cry proteins and provide an explanation for the existence of Cry protein genes that cannot form crystals in B. thuringiensis. This study also provides a potential framework for isolating novel cry genes from “no crystal” B. thuringiensis strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The expression and crystallization of Cry65Aa require two C-termini, revealing a novel evolutionary strategy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins

Peng

Pang

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…It belongs to the Bacillus cereus group, which includes the human opportunistic pathogen B. cereus , and the aetiological agent of anthrax in mammals Bacillus anthracis . These three closely related species share a large number of chromosomal determinants, whereas their host‐specific toxins are carried on plasmids (Radnedge et al ., ; Zheng et al ., ). Bacillus thuringiensis produces parasporal crystals consisting of the insecticidal crystal protein (Cry) during its sporulation phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A novel metalloproteinase virulence factor is involved in Bacillus thuringiensis pathogenesis in nematodes and insects

Peng

Lin

Huang

et al. 2015

Environmental Microbiology

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The Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis has been developed as the leading microbial insecticide for years. The pathogenesis of B. thuringiensis requires common extracellular factors that depend on the PlcR regulon, which regulates a large number of virulence factors; however, the precise role of many of these proteins is not known. In this study, we describe the complete lifecycle of a nematicidal B. thuringiensis strain in the free living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using in vitro and in vivo molecular techniques to follow host and bacterial effectors during the infection process. We then focus on the metalloproteinase ColB, a collagenase, which was found highly important for destruction of the intestine thereby facilitates the adaptation and colonization of B. thuringiensis in C. elegans. In vivo green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter-gene studies showed that ColB expression is highly induced and regulated by the global activator PlcR. Finally, we demonstrated that ColB also takes part in B. thuringiensis virulence in an insect model following injection and oral infection. Indeed, addition of purified ColB accelerates the action of Cry toxin proteins in insects, too. These results give novel insights into host adaptation for B. thuringiensis and other B. cereus group bacteria and highlight the role of collagenase metalloproteases to synergize infection process.

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“…thuringiensis, E. coli/Shigella spp., Streptococcus mitis/Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here taxonomic unifications might be appropriate and it is not surprising that routinely applied MALDI-TOF MS also comes to its limits when attempting to resolve these groups (Denapaite et al, 2010;Lan, Alles, Donohoe, Martinez, & Reeves, 2004;Zheng et al, 2013).…”

Section: Classification Of Strains Within a Speciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Applied to Classification and Identification of Bacteria

Schümann

Maier

2014

Methods in Microbiology

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Differentiation of Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis on the Basis of the csaB Gene Reflects Host Source

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

The expression and crystallization of Cry65Aa require two C-termini, revealing a novel evolutionary strategy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins

The expression and crystallization of Cry65Aa require two C-termini, revealing a novel evolutionary strategy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins

A novel metalloproteinase virulence factor is involved in Bacillus thuringiensis pathogenesis in nematodes and insects

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Applied to Classification and Identification of Bacteria

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