Differentiation of organics from schizophrenics with the trail making, dynamometer, critical flicker fusion, and light-intensity matching tests

Watson, Charles G.; Thomas, Richard W.; Felling, James; Andersen, Dennis O.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(196904)25:2<130::aid-jclp2270250204>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Helpful as it may be in the separation of brain-damaged from schizophrenic patients, the Sc-0 scale was not designed to address a more common difficulty, that of differentiating brain-damaged from psychiatric patients as a whole.' With this problem in mind, we (Watson & Plemel, 1978) developed a second MMPI measure and named it the Psychiatric-Organic (P-0) scale. It consists of items that significantly (p <.05) differentiated 40 well-documented brain-damaged patients without evidence of functional disorders from 60 functional patients without evidence of organicity.8 All were patients at the St.…”

Section: P -0 Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We know of five P-0 scale cross-validations. Two are reported in our original article on the scale (Watson & Plemel, 1978). In the first, we compared patients who were referred to the St.…”

Section: P -0 Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to this problem, we (Watson, 1971) developed a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scale, named the Schizophrenia-Organicity (Sc-0), to separate brain-damaged from schizophrenic patients. More recently, we (Watson & Plemel, 1978) authored a second MMPI instrument, the Psychiatric-Organic (P-0) scale, to separate brain-damaged from psychiatric patients as a whole. By now, considerable literature has developed on these scales, and it is possible to appraise their utilities and weaknesses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The schizophrenia-organicity (Sc-o) and psychiatric-organic (P-O) MMPI scales: A review

Watson¹

1984

J. Clin. Psychol.

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Reviewed the research on the MMPI Schizophrenia‐Organicity (Sc‐O) and Psychiatric‐Organic (P‐O) Scales, measures developed to separate brain‐damaged patients from schizophrenics and from functional psychiatric patients as a whole. Over 10 cross‐validations, the average Sc‐O scale hit rate has been 69%, which suggests that it is a better differentiator of braindamaged from schizophrenic males than most popular ability‐based organicity tests. Hit rates for five studies that contrasted organic and psychiatric patients on the P‐O scale also averaged 69%. The scales appear to be useful in both medical and psychiatric hospitals, but their validities in female samples are not well established. A system for making diagnostic decisions from ability and personality measures in combination is described, and evidence is cited that it improves on the hit rates achieved by either type of test alone.

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Section: P -0 Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We know of five P-0 scale cross-validations. Two are reported in our original article on the scale (Watson & Plemel, 1978). In the first, we compared patients who were referred to the St.…”

Section: P -0 Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The schizophrenia-organicity (Sc-o) and psychiatric-organic (P-O) MMPI scales: A review

Watson¹

1984

J. Clin. Psychol.

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“…These findings confirm those of other investigators who have shown that schizophrenics perform normally on C F F and brain-damaged patients do not (references above). It is probably the notable lack of success that Reitan and his followers have had with their version of the C F F that explains why this test is not used more widely (Reitan, 1955;Watson et al, 1969). Technological and methodological refinements may account for the success that other investigators have had with this test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological battery has been quite successful in distinguishing brain-damaged patients from nonorganic groups, including hospitalized medical and nonpsychotic, psychiatric patients (Klove, 1974; Reitan & Davison, 1974;Vega & Parsons, 1967). It has been much less effective in distinguishing schizophrenics from organics (Stack & Phillips, 1970;Watson, Thomas, Anderson, & Felling, 1968;Watson, Thomas, Felling, & Anderson, 1968, 1969. Among the most successful investigations have been those conducted by Levine and Fierstein (1972) and, more recently, by Golden (1977).…”

Section: Brain-damaged Patients'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological test performances of paranoid schizophrenic and brain-damaged patients

1979

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Predicted that simple tests that require attention and motor speed would be able to differentiate paranoid schizophrenics from brain-damaged patients better than more complex, problem-solving neuropsychological tests. The strategy was to improve discrimination between schizophrenic and brain-damaged patients by selecting a schizophrenic subgroup with a recognized cognitive strong point. Fourteen organic, 14 paranoid schizophrenic, and 14 nonpsychotic psychiatric patients matched for sex, education, and IQ were tested. As predicted, the attention and speed measures differentiated the brain-damaged and paranoid groups, while the four more complex measures from the Halstead-Reitan Battery did not separate the groups. There were no significant differences between the two psychiatric groups.

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An MMPI sign to separate organic from functional psychiatric patients

1978

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Evaluated the utilities of all 90 possible unweighted additive/subtractive two-scale MMPI combinations as indices to separate brain-damaged from functional patient groups in a Veterans Administration psychiatric hospital. One index, Hs-PT, showed more promise than any of the other 89. Hs-PT mean scores were significantly higher among organics than among alcoholics, neurotics, affective psychoses, character disorders, process schizophrenics or reactive schizophrenics. Interpretative information on the Hs-PT index was presented.

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Differentiation of organics from schizophrenics with the trail making, dynamometer, critical flicker fusion, and light-intensity matching tests

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

The schizophrenia-organicity (Sc-o) and psychiatric-organic (P-O) MMPI scales: A review

The schizophrenia-organicity (Sc-o) and psychiatric-organic (P-O) MMPI scales: A review

Neuropsychological test performances of paranoid schizophrenic and brain-damaged patients

An MMPI sign to separate organic from functional psychiatric patients

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