Differentiation of Respiratory and Abortigenic Isolates of Equine Herpesvirus 1 by Restriction Endonucleases

Studdert, M. J.; Simpson, Terry; Roizman, Bernard

doi:10.1126/science.6270790

Cited by 142 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…5 with those published for EHV-1 subtype 1 shows that the two subtypes are quite different in the locations of restriction sites, These findings are consistent with the conclusion of Studdert et al (1981), based on restriction endonuclease digest profiles, that the two subtypes of EHV-1 are distinct at the molecular level, and support the proposed renaming of EHV-1 subtype 2 as EHV-4. This nomenclature, however, implies a degree of divergence not reflected in the antigenicity, epidemiology and pathogenicity of the two viruses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…It is also associated with a neurological syndrome, neonatal foal disease and, more rarely, with coital exanthema. The existence of two subtypes of EHV-1 was indicated by serological (Shimizu et al, 1959;Burrows & Goodridge, 1973) and pathogenicity studies (Burrows & Goodridge, 1973), and was confirmed at the genomic level by examination of restriction endonuclease profiles (Sabine et al, 1981 ;Studdert et al, 1981). Both subtypes are respiratory pathogens, but only isolates with subtype 1 restriction endonuclease profiles are commonly associated with abortion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the Genome of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Subtype 2

Cullinane

Rixon

Davison

1988

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYThe genome structure of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) subtype 2 was shown by electron microscopic studies and restriction endonuclease site mapping to comprise two covalently linked segments (L, 109 kbp; S, 35 kbp). The S segment contains a unique sequence (Us) flanked by a substantial inverted repeat (TRs/IRs). Thus, the genome structure of EHV-1 subtype 2 is similar to that published previously for EHV-1 subtype 1, but the two subtypes differ in the occurrences of EcoRI and BamHI restriction sites. Hybridization studies using cloned EHV-1 DNA showed that the genome of EHV-1 subtype 2 is colinear with the genomes of EHV-1 subtype 1 and herpes simplex virus type 1. DNA sequence data for four EHV-1 subtype 2 genes, including one potentially encoding a glycoprotein, were obtained by sequencing a 4574 bp BamHI fragment containing the junction between Us and TRs. The genome structure, hybridization and sequence data confirm that EHV-1 subtype 2 is of the alphaherpesvirus lineage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Genome of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Subtype 2

Cullinane

Rixon

Davison

1988

Journal of General Virology

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“…Studdert et al (32) reported that EHV-1 B caused abortions in California in 1964 and had remained unaltered in its BamHI restriction pattern. Allen et al (1) and Studdert et al (31) reported that EHV-1 B was identified as a cause of abortion in central Kentucky in 1970Kentucky in to 1974. Their studies also found that the occurrence of the EHV-1 B isolate-related abortions began to increase in 1981.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Recombinant between Equine Herpesviruses 1 and 4 in the ICP4 Gene

Pagamjav

Sakata

Matsumura

et al. 2005

Microbiology and Immunology

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Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV‐1) is a pathogen causing rhinopneumonia in young horses, abortion in mares, and myeloencephalitis in adult horses. Two types, EHV‐1 P and EHV‐1 B, have recently been dominant among 16 electropherotypes. EHV‐1 P and EHV‐1 B viruses were compared by long and accurate polymerase chain reaction (LA‐PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Differences in restriction sites were found to be focused in ORF64, which encodes the infected cell protein 4 (ICP4), and downstream of the ICP4 gene. The 3′‐end and downstream of ICP4 gene of EHV‐1 B were found to be replaced by the corresponding region of EHV‐4, indicating that EHV‐1 B is a naturally occurring recombinant virus between progenitors of EHV‐1 P and EHV‐4. This is the first report showing a natural interspecies recombinant in alphaherpesviruses.

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“…EHV-1 causes acute upper respiratory disease, central nervous system disorders and contagious virus abortion in horses, and EHV-4 causes respiratory disease and, occasionally, abortion [1]. The difference between EHV-1 and -4 has been demonstrated in pathogenicity in baby mice [11][12][13], restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA [18], and polymerase chain reactions [2,6,15]. However, because of the extensive antigenic cross-reactivity, it is difficult to distinguish between EHV-1 and -4 infections by conventional serological tests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Sero-Epizootiology of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 and Type 4 Infections in Japan Using a Type-Specific ELISA.

et al. 1998

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ABSTRACT. Recently, a type-specific ELISA using equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and type 4 (EHV-4) glycoprotein Gs (gGs) was developed by Crabb and Studdert [1993]. To investigate the dissemination of EHV-1 and -4 among horses in Japan, we applied their ELISA as suitable for discriminating between EHV-1 and -4 infections serologically. Type-specificity of the ELISA was confirmed by using paired sera of infected horses with either EHV-1 or -4. Application of the ELISA to sera collected before and after the winter season of 1995-1996 from 80 racehorses revealed that 30 horses showed significant antibody responses against EHV-1 and 9 against EHV-4, respectively. The results indicated that this ELISA using paired sera is useful for a diagnosis and an epizootiological study on EHV-1 and -4 infections. -KEY WORDS: diagnosis, epizootiology, equine herpesvirus.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 60(10): 1133-1137, 1998 Virological diagnosis can identify the type of infected virus, but they are time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, it is considered to be very important to diagnose the type of infected virus serologically. The purpose of this study was to develop a type-specific serological test for diagnosis of EHV-1 and -4 infections, which facilitates the elucidation of epizootiological characteristics of both infections among the various horse populations in Japan.The EHV-1 89c25p strain [9] and an EHV-4 strain TH20, the Japanese prototype of EHV-4 [4], were used in this study. Viruses were propagated at low multiplicities of infection in primary fetal horse kidney cells. Infected cells showing a cytopathic effect were treated with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and proteinase K (0.1 mg/ml) in 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 0.1M NaCl, 5 mM EDTA at 37°C overnight. Following the DNA extraction with phenol and chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (24:1), ethanol precipitated preparations were dissolved in water.Crabb and Studdert [3] reported that type-specific, continuous epitopes were located in the corresponding Cterminal variable region of EHV-1 gG (amino acids 288 to 350) and EHV-4 gG (amino acids 287 to 382), which show little amino acid identity. To express the type-specific antigen, the bacterial expression plasmid pGEX-5X1 was used. The recombinant pGEX-5X1 plasmids, pGEX-gG1P and pGEX-gG4P, were constructed according to the methods described previously [3] with a minor modification. (i) pGEX-gG1P was constructed by PCR amplification (35 cycles of 92°C for 1 min, 55°C for 1 min, 72°C for 1 min) with the EHV-1 89c25p DNA as the template and the following primers: forward primer, gG1P-F, containing an EcoRI site, 5'-CCGAATTCGGTGACGAAACATACGA-3', and reverse primer, gG1P-R, containing an XhoI site, 5'-AACTCGAGCTGGATGCCGTTCGACG-3'. The amplified fragment was digested with EcoRI and XhoI and cloned into the pGEX-5X1 digested with the same restriction endonucleases. (ii) pGEX-gG4P was constructed by PCR amplification (35 cycles of 92°C for 1 min, 50°C for 1 min,

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Differentiation of Respiratory and Abortigenic Isolates of Equine Herpesvirus 1 by Restriction Endonucleases

Cited by 142 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of the Genome of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Subtype 2

Characterization of the Genome of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Subtype 2

Natural Recombinant between Equine Herpesviruses 1 and 4 in the ICP4 Gene

Diagnosis and Sero-Epizootiology of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 and Type 4 Infections in Japan Using a Type-Specific ELISA.

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