Differentiation of Salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype pullorum from biotype gallinarum by analysis of phase 1 flagellin C gene (fliC)

Characterization of a T7-Like Lytic Bacteriophage (φSG-JL2) of Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Biovar Gallinarum

“…Serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (four strains) and some serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum strains used in the present study were identified and reported previously (33,52). Other serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum strains were isolated from commercial chickens consigned to diagnosis from 2000 to 2005 and were identified as described previously (52).…”

“…The SG-9R rough vaccine strain was cultured from a commercial live-vaccine product (Intervet, Boxmeer, The Netherlands), and reference strains of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (KCTC12400) and E. coli (ATCC 43896) were purchased from the Korea Culture Collection of Microorganisms (Seoul, Korea). S. enterica serovar Enteritidis strains (20 strains) were isolated from poultry farms in Korea and identified as described previously (33,34,52). All Salmonella strains were cultured with MacConkey agar and tryptic soy broth (TSB) (Difco, Detroit, MI).…”

“…The causative agent, Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum, is classified in serogroup D and is both nonmotile and host adapted (3,53). Differentiation of serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum from frequent avian serogroup D Salmonella strains, such as S. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, has been partially successful (33,34), and differentiation of field strains of serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum from the rough vaccine strain SG-9R has become important because of nationwide vaccination in some countries. The appearance of multidrug-resistant serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum strains in the field has prompted increasing concerns about phage therapy, similar to other bacterial diseases (5,30,35,64,68), but candidate phages that are lytic to broad ranges of serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum strains have never been reported.…”

Nucleic Acid-Based Methods to Identify, Detect and Type Pathogenic Bacteria Occurring in Milk and Dairy Products

“…PCR-RFLP, based on the amplification of a given gene or operon, coupled with the digestion with appropriate endonuclease enzymes and electrophoresis of the resulting restriction fragments, has been used to characterise milk-and dairy-borne S. aureus [84,100,209], L. monocytogenes , E. coli O157:H7 [213], Salmonella spp. [214,215] and Campylobacter spp. [216,217] isolates.…”

Rapid Detection and Discrimination of the Three Salmonella Serotypes, S. Pullorum, S. Gallinarum and S. Enteritidis by PCR-RFLP of ITS and fliC Genes

“…In the last years, improved test methods such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of specific genes (Christensen et al, 1992;Kwon et al, 2000), plasmid profiling (Park et al, 1998), ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (Christensen et al, 1992;Olsen et al, 1996) have been reported for the differentiation diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitable procedure for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases derived from Salmonellosis in poultry industry.…”