Differentiation of tomatoes based on isotopic, elemental and organic markers

Abstract

In this study, 41 tomato samples were investigated by means of stable isotope ratios (d 13 C, d 18 O and d 2 H), elemental content, phenolic compounds and pesticides in order to classify them, according to growing conditions and geographical origin. Using investigated parameters, stepwise linear discriminant analysis was applied and the differences that occurred between tomato samples grown in greenhouses compared to those grown on field, and also between Romanian and abroad purchased samples were pointed out. It was shown that Ti, Ga, Te, d 2 H and d 13 C content were able to differentiate Romanian tomato samples from foreign samples, whereas Al, Sc, Se, Dy, Pb, d 18 O, 4,4 0 -DDT could be used as markers for growing regime (open field vs. greenhouse). For the discrimination of different tomato varieties (six cherry samples and fourteen common sorts) grown in greenhouse, phenolic compounds of 20 samples were determined. In this regard, dihydroquercetin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, rosmarinic acid, quercetin and naringin were the major phenolic compounds detected in our samples. The phenolic profile showed significant differences between cherry tomato and common tomato. The contents of the chlorogenic acid and rutin were significantly higher in the cherry samples (90.27-243.00 lg/g DW and 160.60-433.99 lg/g DW respectively) as compared to common tomatoes (21.30-88.72 lg/g DW and 24.84-110.99 lg/g DW respectively). The identification of dihydroquercetin is of particular interest, as it had not been reported previously in tomato fruit.

The Biological Activity Mechanism of Chlorogenic Acid and Its Applications in Food Industry: A Review

“…The level of CGA in apple is 0.41–1.16 mg/g; prunes contain high levels of CGA (1.3–3.9 g/100 g) and neochlorogenic acid (39.8–92.0 g/100 g) ( 63 ). The level of CGA in tomato is 21.30–240.16 ug/g (DW) ( 64 ). CGA is the main phenolic compound of eggplant (1.4–28.0 mg/g) and accounts for 80–95% of the total hydroxycinnamic acid present in the pulp ( 65 ).…”

Tomato Plant Microbiota under Conventional and Organic Fertilization Regimes in a Soilless Culture System

“…2 Individual collected samples were processed as composite samples (3 individual samples = 1 composite sample). 3 Total number of samples processed for 16S rRNA gene-targeted sequencing.…”

“…Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit is one of the most consumed vegetables around the world, with an estimated production of ∼160 million tons per year [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In recent years, production of tomatoes under soilless culture systems (SCSs), hosted in greenhouses, has emerged as a sustainable and intensive agricultural practice [ 4 , 5 ].…”