Differentiation of wild boar and domestic pig populations based on the frequency of chromosomes carrying endogenous retroviruses

Nikitin, S. V.; Yudin, N. A.; Knyazev, S. P.; Aitnazarov, R. B.; Bekenev, Vitaliy A.; Deeva, Valentina S.; Goncharenko, G. M.; Кобзев, В. Ф.; Savina, M. A.; Ermolaev, V. I.

doi:10.4236/ns.2010.26066

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Analysis of PERV in domestic porcine breeds has shown that though the A and B types of PERV pre vail in the genomes of all the studied breeds, there are still often seen animals with no PERV of the C type (Bosh et al, 2000;Nikitin et al, 2008;Yudin et al, 2009;Aitnazarov et al, 2010;Nikitin et al, 2010). There are the differences between wild boars and domestic pigs, as well as between the wild boars of West Europe and Central Asia, in terms of the frequency of occurrence of individuals with chromosome carriers of PERV and their combinations (Jin et al, 2000;Nikitin et al, 2008;Aitnazarov et al, 2010).…”

Section: Molecular Genetic Characteristics Of Pervmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Statistical analysis of the frequencies of chromosome carriers of PERV types and their combinations shows that the microevolutionary processes related to the frequency of PERV carriage within populations of wild and domestic pigs of the S. scrofa species have two main vectors: varying the intensity of adipopexis and nega tive changes in the development of productive features (Yudin et al, 2009;Nikitin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Molecular Genetic Characteristics Of Pervmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Porcine endogenous retroviruses: What are the risks of infection transmission in xenotransplantation?

Yudin

Aitnazarov

Ermolaev

2011

Russ J Genet Appl Res

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Modern studies on porcine endogenous retroviruses are considered in the review. Data on the nucleotide sequences of retroviruses, their expression, and the isolation of mature virions is discussed. The tropism of endogenous retroviruses to human cells and retrospective studies of patients are considered in detail. A critical overview of works on in vitro and in vivo interspecific transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses is presented. Tactics for preventing possible infection and treating humans for it are discussed. Based on the overviewed data, it is concluded that the risk of infection transmission from xenograft recipients to the rest of the population is very low. This low risk can be further reduced by careful observation and, prob ably, vaccination of contacting persons, as well as by preventive use of antiviral drugs. The minor risk of infec tion transmission can also be reduced by application of modern biotechnological methods to raise pigs that have no endogenous viruses tropic to humans.

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Section: Molecular Genetic Characteristics Of Pervmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Molecular Genetic Characteristics Of Pervmentioning

confidence: 98%

Porcine endogenous retroviruses: What are the risks of infection transmission in xenotransplantation?

Yudin

Aitnazarov

Ermolaev

2011

Russ J Genet Appl Res

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“…The third reason is that creating new herds of laboratory mini-pigs from a small number of progenitors (see Table 1) creates a risk of depleting the gene pool due to the bottleneck effect (Ji et al, 2011). Interestingly, according to various estimates, the genetic diversity of laboratory pigs can be both greater and lower compared with similar parameters of pigs of factory breeds and wild boar (Nikitin et al, 2010;Heckel et al, 2015). Several publications mentioned the existence of natural "contr inbred" mechanisms in natural populations (Charlesworth, Willis, 2009; Cheptou, Donohue, 2011; Mable, 2019), which is indirectly confirmed by the existence of the short populations of feral pigs with no signs of inbreeding depression on small islands throughout the centuries (Köhn, 2011;McKenney-Drake et al, 2016).…”

Section: The Preservation Of Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems of mini-pig breeding

Шатохин

2021

Vestn. VOGiS

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This article provides an overview of some problems of the breeding and reproduction of laboratory minipigs. The most obvious of these are the lack of centralized accounting of breeding groups, uniform selection standards for reproduction and evaluation of breeding animals, as well as minimizing the accumulation of fitness-reducing mutations and maintaining genetic diversity. According to the latest estimates, there are at least 30 breeding groups of mini-pigs systematically used as laboratory animals in the world. Among them, there are both breed formations represented by several colonies, and breeding groups consisting of a single herd. It was shown that the main selection strategy is selection for the live weight of adults of 50–80 kg and the adaptation of animals to a specific type of biomedical experiments. For its implementation in the breeding of foreign mini-pigs, selection by live weight is practiced at 140- and 154-day-old age. It was indicated that different herds of mini-pigs have their own breeding methods to counteract inbred depression and maintain genetic diversity. Examples are the maximization of coat color phenotypes, the cyclical system of matching parent pairs, and the structuring of herds into subpopulations. In addition, in the breeding of foreign mini-pigs, molecular genetic methods are used to monitor heterozygosity. Every effort is made to keep the number of inbred crosses in the breeding of laboratory mini-pigs to a minimum, which is not always possible due to their small number. It is estimated that to avoid close inbreeding, the number of breeding groups should be at least 28 individuals, including boars of at least 4 genealogical lines and at least 4 families of sows. The accumulation of genetic cargo in herds of mini-pigs takes place, but the harmful effect is rather the result of erroneous decisions of breeders. Despite the fact that when breeding a number of mini-pigs, the goal was to complete the herds with exclusively white animals, in most breeding groups there is a polymorphism in the phenotype of the coat color.

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“…However, the qualitative traits are mostly estimated as more simple because of a strong concordance of each specific genotype to a single phenotype according to the «one genotype-one phenotype» principle. For long time of our studying variations of qualitative traits the results of both practical and theoretical interest have been obtained (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Importantly, once the quantitative trait changes were first statistically analyzed, a number of genetic determinations peculiar specifically to domestic animals were found out (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Vectors of Selection for Piglet's Newborn Weight During Population Formation in New Environment Conditions

Knyazev¹,

Nikitin²

2014

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tStudying changes of gene pools of populations of the domestic animals caused by selection and reflecting micro evolutionary processes, represents both practical and theoretical interest. As a rule, in such works the qualitative traits controlled by the principle «one genotype -one phenotype» are used that significantly simplifies the analysis. We investigated dynamic processes in Landrace population of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), having estimated a variation of one of continuous quantitative traits, the newborn piglet weight, for which similar relationship is not unambiguous. Statistical analysis of the zootechnical register data was carried out on more than 26 thousand pigs that were born within 23 years at an experimental farm (Novosibirsk Province), being the regional authorized Landrace breed nucleus. Ancestors of the formed population were delivered from Latvia in the early 1960s. They were the elite young animals estimated on a standard complex of selection traits. The entire period of existence of population the formation of its breeding nuclear was carried out on a complex of traits according to existing Instruction for estimation of breeding value of pigs. As the Instruction didn't contain standards on a large newborn weight, the selection on the specified trait wasn't made. The changes of statistical parameters of the newborn weight in piglets were estimated for each year of the observation, because the analyzed livestock was not a model laboratory population, but a typical breeding commercial herd in which continuous variability of a trait is interfaced to continuous «sliding» alternations of generations and the variability of age structure. During long-time analysis of the dynamics of this unselected trait, the directional (moving) selection on genotypes for the loci controlling growth rate of pigs in ontogenesis (in pre-and post-natal periods) is revealed. In the populations where such selection works, the newborn weight of piglets can be used for forecasting pig weight during the postnatal period. Application of «parent-descendant» regression on the newborn weight allowed to estimate the duration of a population gene pool adaptation to new environment. It appeared that process of adaptation lasted nearly two decades that made five full changes of the generations. In the same population at the same time the stabilizing selection optimized an individual animal weight at birth, cutting both minimum and maximum values. The described mechanism includes cyclic vector changes towards driving selection against the stabilizing selection vectors and thus maintains the population polymorphism on loci which control prenatal growth and large weight in the newborns. An observed unevenness of wavy change of these cycles should be also noted.

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Differentiation of wild boar and domestic pig populations based on the frequency of chromosomes carrying endogenous retroviruses

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Porcine endogenous retroviruses: What are the risks of infection transmission in xenotransplantation?

Porcine endogenous retroviruses: What are the risks of infection transmission in xenotransplantation?

Problems of mini-pig breeding

Changes of Vectors of Selection for Piglet's Newborn Weight During Population Formation in New Environment Conditions

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