Differenziamento microgeografico ed ecologico in<i>Botryllus schlosseri</i>(Aseidiacca)

Sabbadin, Armando; Graziani, G.

doi:10.1080/11250006509441030

Cited by 2 publications

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“…As individuals grow by asexual reproduction, they continuously expand over the substrate, and when two grow into contact, the first tissues to touch are the ampullae. This contact initiates a natural transplantation reaction that can result in either fusion of the two ampullae, forming a parabiosis between the two individuals-or an inflammatory rejection response that blocks parabiosis (S1 Fig) . Fusion or rejection is controlled by a single highly polymorphic locus, called the fuhc, and two individuals fuse if they share one or both fuhc alleles, and reject if no alleles are shared between them [12]. Following fusion of two compatible individuals, the GSCs can migrate from one genotype to the other via the parabiotic linkage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased collective migration correlates with germline stem cell competition in a basal chordate

Fentress,

De Tomaso

2023

PLoS ONE

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Cell competition is a process that compares the relative fitness of progenitor cells, resulting in winners, which contribute further to development, and losers, which are excluded, and is likely a universal quality control process that contributes to the fitness of an individual. Cell competition also has pathological consequences, and can create super-competitor cells responsible for tumor progression. We are studying cell competition during germline regeneration in the colonial ascidian, Botryllus schlosseri. Germline regeneration is due to the presence of germline stem cells (GSCs) which have a unique property: a competitive phenotype. When GSCs from one individual are transplanted into another, the donor and recipient cells compete for germline development. Often the donor GSCs win, and completely replace the gametes of the recipient- a process called germ cell parasitism (gcp). gcp is a heritable trait, and winner and loser genotypes can be found in nature and reared in the lab. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying gcp are unknown. Using an ex vivo migration assay, we show that GSCs isolated from winner genotypes migrate faster and in larger clusters than losers, and that cluster size correlates with expression of the Notch ligand, Jagged. Both cluster size and jagged expression can be manipulated simultaneously in a genotype dependent manner: treatment of loser GSCs with hepatocyte growth factor increases both jagged expression and cluster size, while inhibitors of the MAPK pathway decrease jagged expression and cluster size in winner GSCs. Live imaging in individuals transplanted with labeled winner and loser GSCs reveal that they migrate to the niche, some as small clusters, with the winners having a slight advantage in niche occupancy. Together, this suggests that the basis of GSC competition resides in a combination in homing ability and niche occupancy, and may be controlled by differential utilization of the Notch pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased collective migration correlates with germline stem cell competition in a basal chordate

Fentress,

De Tomaso

2023

PLoS ONE

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Life history and ecological genetics of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri

Cima

Ballarin

Caicci

et al. 2015

Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology

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The colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri is a cosmopolitan, marine filter feeder, introduced as a laboratory research\ud organism in the 1950s. Currently, it is widely used in many laboratories to investigate a variety of biological questions.\ud Recently, it has become a species of concern, as it is an invasive species in many coastal environments. Here, we review\ud studies on the geographical distribution of the species, sexual and asexual reproduction in the field, tolerance to\ud temperature, salinity and anthropogenic activity, polychromatism, enzymatic polymorphism, and the genetic basis of\ud pigmentation. Studying the relationship between genetic polymorphism and the adaptation of B. schlosseri to\ud environmental stress is a challenge of future research and will improve our understanding of its evolutionary success\ud and invasive potential

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Differenziamento microgeografico ed ecologico inBotryllus schlosseri(Aseidiacca)

Cited by 2 publications

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Increased collective migration correlates with germline stem cell competition in a basal chordate

Increased collective migration correlates with germline stem cell competition in a basal chordate

Life history and ecological genetics of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri

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