Differing Effects of Partner and Nonpartner Sexual Assault on Women's Mental Health

Temple, Jeffrey; Weston, Rebecca; Rodriguez, Benjamin F.; Marshall, Linda L.

doi:10.1177/1077801206297437

Cited by 99 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

105

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“…Thus it may be useful to educate college men and women on how to provide reactions to disclosure that allow the survivor to tell their story and communicate that they are believed and not to blame (Ullman, 1999). It is useful for college students to be aware that, contrary to the stereotype that rape is perpetrated by a stranger, the majority of assaults on college campuses are perpetrated by someone known to the victim (Koss, 1988) and are no less traumatic or serious than stranger rape (Temple, Weston, Rodriguez, & Marshall, 2007). Peers can also be educated on other common rape myths, including the myths that "women are never raped by their boyfriend" or "it isn't really rape if the woman doesn't physically resist" (Payne, Lonsway, & Fitzgerald, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

College Women's Likelihood to Report Unwanted Sexual Experiences to Campus Agencies: Trends and Correlates

Orchowski

Meyer

Gidycz

2009

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma

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The present study examined college women's likelihood to report sexual victimization to the police, a friend, the counseling center, their resident advisor, or on a survey (N = 300). In comparison to other forms of reporting, women perceived themselves to be most likely to report victimization on a survey. Women also indicated a higher likelihood to report to friends rather than to other agencies. Likelihood to report on a survey did not vary as a function of history of sexual victimization; however, women with a victimization history indicated a lower likelihood to report to all agencies compared to women without a victimization history. Correlates of women's likelihood to report were also documented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

College Women's Likelihood to Report Unwanted Sexual Experiences to Campus Agencies: Trends and Correlates

Orchowski

Meyer

Gidycz

2009

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma

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“…Sexual violence research findings on victim offender relationships and mental health are mixed [9][10][11] and no studies have Depressive symptoms after a sexual assault among women: understanding victim-perpetrator relationships and the role of social perceptions been reported from low and middle income settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temple 11 reported that assault by a current partner was strongly predictive of PTSD, stress and disassociation while non-partner sexual assault was only associated with PTSD for African American women (and not for Euro-American and Mexican American Women). In a study of more than 1000 women Ullman 10 also found negative social reactions predictive of PTSD across all types of offenders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive symptoms after a sexual assault among women: understanding victim-perpetrator relationships and the role of social perceptions

Abrahams¹,

Jewkes²,

Mathews³

2013

Afr. J. Psych

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Objective: Although mental health impact of gender based violence has been documented for many decades, the impact of the socio-cultural dimensions and type of perpetrator on mental health outcomes has not been described outside of developed countries. We explore depression symptomatology four to six weeks post-rape in South Africa and examine whether this differs according to the circumstances of the rape. Method: 140 participants recruited from public hospital services in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces were interviewed within two weeks after completing the post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) medication. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and sexual assault characteristics including perpetrator. Depressive symptomatology was measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Results: 84.3% (95% CI: 78.1-90.3) women were found to have high levels of depressive symptoms, but lower levels were found among women raped in circumstances in which there was a lesser likelihood of blame such as those raped by strangers rather than intimate partners (Odds Ratio: (OR) 0.28 (95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.11-0.69) and higher levels were associated with experiencing four or more side effects related to PEP medication (OR: 3.79: CI: 1.03-13.94). Receiving support and severe sexual assaults (involving weapons and multiple perpetrators) were not associated with depression. Conclusion: The study does not support the general assumption that more violent rape causes more psychological harm. These results have important implications for individual treatment because it is more generally assumed that multiple perpetrator rapes, stranger rapes and those with weapons would result in more psychological trauma and thus more enduring symptoms. Our findings point to the importance of understanding the socio-cultural dimensions, including dynamics of blame and stigma, of rape on mental health sequelae.

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“…After a trauma such as sexual assault, these CBAs are typically shattered (see Janoff-Bulman, 1992). As research has shown, the extent to which such world beliefs are shattered is associated with increased distress and psychopathology (Temple et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resourcefulness/problem Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the experience of intimate partner sexual assault is no less common or serious than stranger rape (see Temple, Weston, Rodriguez, & Marshall, 2007), the experience may be so schema incongruent that the survivor may not conceptualize the experience as rape, instead internalizing a host of invalidating interpretations of the assault (Gidycz & Layman, 1996). Further, because intimate partner sexual assault is often underreported and stranger rape is conceptualized as ''real rape'' (Koss, 1985), survivors of acquaintance assault may face disbelief and stigma when seeking support from friends, family members, or health care providers (Filipas & Ullman, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

An assimilation analysis of clinician-assisted emotional disclosure therapy with survivors of intimate partner sexual assault

Orchowski

Uhlin

Probst

et al. 2009

Psychotherapy Research

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This study examined clinician-assisted emotional disclosure therapy among college women with a history of intimate partner sexual assault. Assimilation analysis, a method for tracking client movement in psychotherapy, was used to document changes in dominant and submissive voices during clients' disclosure of the trauma. Self-blame, traditional gender-role assumptions, and internalized rape myth ideology emerged as prominent themes in clients' formations of problem statements. The two case studies presented illustrate the difficulty in clearly formulating experiences of intimate partner sexual assault as problematic, integrating submissive and dominant voices and empowering adaptive voices that speak for the well-being and self-assertion of the individual. Implications for psychotherapy with survivors of intimate partner sexual assault are discussed.

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Differing Effects of Partner and Nonpartner Sexual Assault on Women's Mental Health

Cited by 99 publications

References 46 publications

College Women's Likelihood to Report Unwanted Sexual Experiences to Campus Agencies: Trends and Correlates

College Women's Likelihood to Report Unwanted Sexual Experiences to Campus Agencies: Trends and Correlates

Depressive symptoms after a sexual assault among women: understanding victim-perpetrator relationships and the role of social perceptions

An assimilation analysis of clinician-assisted emotional disclosure therapy with survivors of intimate partner sexual assault

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