Differing planes of pre- and postweaning phase nutrition in Holstein heifers: II. Effects on circulating leptin, luteinizing hormone, and age at puberty

Bruinjé, T.C.; Rosadiuk, J.P.; Moslemipur, F.; Sauerwein, H.; Steele, M.A.; Ambrose, D.J.

doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18810

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Circulating leptin parallels the body fat content and acts as a negative feedback regulator on feed intake [52]. However, for leptin neither the increase reported by Schwarzkopf et al (2019) [16] between week 6 to week 20 of life for calves weaned in week 16 of life, nor a difference between the high and the restricted feeding level, as shown by Bruinjé et al (2020) [53], was observed in our trial. The feeding group did not affect leptin values.…”

Section: Metabolic Hormonescontrasting

confidence: 71%

Characteristics of the Oxidative Status in Dairy Calves Fed at Different Milk Replacer Levels and Weaned at 14 Weeks of Age

Seibt

Ghaffari

Scheu³

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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A paradigm shift in the way of rearing heifer calves from restricted feeding and early weaning towards greater feed allowances and later weaning ages is ongoing. We aimed at characterizing the oxidative status in Holstein heifer calves fed with milk replacer (MR) at either a restrictive (RES) or a high (HIGH) level for 14 weeks. We compared two groups: HIGH (10 L MR/d, n = 18) and RES (5.7 L/d, n = 19) from day five until week 14 of life. In blood samples collected at birth, and then fortnightly from week 8–16, and in week 20, the antioxidative capacity measured as ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), oxidative damage of lipids measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxidative damage of proteins measured as advanced oxidation products of proteins (AOPP), free radicals measured as reactive oxidative metabolites (dROM), and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, as well as leptin, adiponectin and haptoglobin were assessed. The time course of these variables during the first 20 weeks of life showed characteristic patterns; group differences were limited to adiponectin, AOPP, and FRAP. RES calves had lower growth rates, showed signs of hunger, but did not differ from HIGH in their intake of solid starter feed and in health status. This work characterizes the changes in oxidative status of dairy calves with increasing age and confirms the benefits of a high feeding plane with regard to welfare and development.

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Section: Metabolic Hormonescontrasting

confidence: 71%

Characteristics of the Oxidative Status in Dairy Calves Fed at Different Milk Replacer Levels and Weaned at 14 Weeks of Age

Seibt

Ghaffari

Scheu³

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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“…The increased preweaning planes of nutrition had minimal influence on growth performance postweaning, regardless of the improved indicators of growth and development in the preweaning stage. As reported in companion manuscripts (Bruinjé et al, 2019(Bruinjé et al, , 2020, increased pre-and postweaning planes of nutrition resulted in advanced reproductive development. The increased preweaning plane of nutrition resulted in enhanced LH pulses at wk 15, increased circulating leptin concentrations (Bruinjé et al, 2019), and a greater number of class 2 ovarian follicles (Bruinjé et al, 2020) during the prepubertal phase.…”

Section: Energy Provisionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…As reported in companion manuscripts (Bruinjé et al, 2019(Bruinjé et al, , 2020, increased pre-and postweaning planes of nutrition resulted in advanced reproductive development. The increased preweaning plane of nutrition resulted in enhanced LH pulses at wk 15, increased circulating leptin concentrations (Bruinjé et al, 2019), and a greater number of class 2 ovarian follicles (Bruinjé et al, 2020) during the prepubertal phase. The increased planes of nutrition postweaning resulted in increased endometrial thickness, follicular size, number of class 3 follicles in the prepubertal phase (Bruinjé et al, 2020), greater likelihood of achieving puberty by 30 wk of age (Bruinjé et al, 2019), and increased antral follicle population in the postpubertal phase.…”

Section: Energy Provisionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The increased preweaning plane of nutrition resulted in enhanced LH pulses at wk 15, increased circulating leptin concentrations (Bruinjé et al, 2019), and a greater number of class 2 ovarian follicles (Bruinjé et al, 2020) during the prepubertal phase. The increased planes of nutrition postweaning resulted in increased endometrial thickness, follicular size, number of class 3 follicles in the prepubertal phase (Bruinjé et al, 2020), greater likelihood of achieving puberty by 30 wk of age (Bruinjé et al, 2019), and increased antral follicle population in the postpubertal phase. Both the high pre-and postweaning nutritional planes had elevated energy and protein content; thus, the respective effects of plane of energy or protein on growth and reproductive development cannot be distinguished.…”

Section: Energy Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: New frontiers in calf and heifer nutrition—From conception to puberty

Niekerk

Fischer-Tlustos

Wilms

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Dairy calf nutrition is traditionally one of the most overlooked aspects of dairy management, despite its large effect on the efficiency and profitability of dairy operations. Unfortunately, among all animals on the dairy farm, calves suffer from the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. These challenges have catalyzed calf nutrition research over the past decade to mitigate high incidences of disease and death, and improve animal health, growth, welfare, and industry sustainability. However, major knowledge gaps remain in several crucial stages of development. The purpose of this review is to summarize the key concepts of nutritional physiology and programming from conception to puberty and their subsequent effects on development of the calf, and ultimately, future performance. During fetal development, developmental plasticity is highest. At this time, maternal energy and protein consumption can influence fetal development, likely playing a critical role in calf and heifer development and, importantly, future production. After birth, the calf's first meal of colostrum is crucial for the transfer of immunoglobulin to support calf health and survival. However, colostrum also contains numerous bioactive proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that may play key roles in calf growth and health. Extending the delivery of these bioactive compounds to the calf through a gradual transition from colostrum to milk (i.e., extended colostrum or transition milk feeding) may confer benefits in the first days and weeks of life to prepare the calf for the preweaning period. Similarly, optimal nutrition during the preweaning period is vital. Preweaning calves are highly susceptible to health challenges, and improved calf growth and health can positively influence future milk production. Throughout the world, the majority of dairy calves rely on milk replacer to supply adequate nutrition. Recent research has started to re-evaluate traditional formulations of milk replacers, which can differ significantly in composition compared with whole milk. Transitioning from a milk-based diet to solid feed is critical in the development of mature ruminants. Delaying weaning age and providing long and gradual step-down protocols have become common to avoid production and health challenges. Yet, determining how to appropriately balance the amount of energy and protein supplied in both liquid and solid feeds based on preweaning milk allowances, and further acknowledging their interactions, shows great promise in improving growth and health during weaning. After weaning and during the onset of puberty, heifers are traditionally offered high-forage diets. However, recent work suggests that an early switch to a high-forage diet will depress intake and development during the time when solid feed efficiency is greatest. It has become increasingly clear that there are great opportunities to advance our knowledge of calf nutrition; yet, a more concentrated and rigorous approach to research that encompasses the long-term consequences of nutritional reg...

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“…Specifically, during the pre-weaning phase increases from 5 to 10 L/d of whole milk would rise leptin levels and LH pulses (amplitude, peak and duration) and an increased nutritional plane (from 70 to 85% concentrate) during the postweaning period would increase leptin levels. Moreover, a relation was established in which for every 1 ng/mL increase of leptin there could be a reduction of 22 days to attainment of puberty [ 88 ].…”

Section: Post-natal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A Review

Cardoso

King

Chapwanya

et al. 2021

Animals

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Calf immunity, growth and puberty are important factors affecting heifer productivity. The first four weeks of age are critical for reducing calf morbidity and mortality. It is well documented that colostrum is paramount to neonatal nutrition and passive immunity, however, adaptation to extra-uterine life starts early during embryonic development. Therefore, successful calf rearing strategies are underpinned by adequate maternal nutrition during gestation, and good colostrum management. A deeper understanding of these interactions paves the way for developing strategies to improve immune responses to environmental pathogens, optimal growth and timely attainment of puberty in calves. The literature reviewed here shows that there are opportunities to enhance the future performance of cattle paying attention to the interaction of nutrition and immunity at each developmental stage. Therefore, the objective of this review is to give the reader an overview of interactions between immunity, growth and puberty in dairy calves and highlight how these influence future performances.

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Differing planes of pre- and postweaning phase nutrition in Holstein heifers: II. Effects on circulating leptin, luteinizing hormone, and age at puberty

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Characteristics of the Oxidative Status in Dairy Calves Fed at Different Milk Replacer Levels and Weaned at 14 Weeks of Age

Characteristics of the Oxidative Status in Dairy Calves Fed at Different Milk Replacer Levels and Weaned at 14 Weeks of Age

ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: New frontiers in calf and heifer nutrition—From conception to puberty

Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A Review

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