Differing risk factors for new onset and recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus in multipara women: a cohort study

Abstract

Objectives To assess whether recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and newly diagnosed GDM share similar risk factors. Methods The study recruited a cohort of 10,151 multipara women with singleton pregnancy who delivered between 2016 and 2019 in Beijing, China. The prevalence of recurrent GDM and associated risk factors were analyzed between women with and without prior GDM history. Results Eight hundred and seventy-five (8.6%) multipara women had a diagnosis of GDM during previous pregnancies. The prevalence of GDM and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus were 48.34% (423/875) and 7.89% (69/875) if the women were diagnosed with GDM during previous pregnancies, as compared to 16.00% (1484/9276) and 0.50% (46/9276) if the women were never diagnosed with GDM before. In women without a history of GDM, a variety of factors including older maternal age, higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (PPBMI), prolonged interval between the two pregnancies, higher early pregnancy weight gain, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), maternal low birth weight, and higher early pregnancy glycemic and lipid indexes were generally associated with an increased risk of GDM at subsequent pregnancy. In women with a history of GDM, higher PPBMI, higher fasting glucose level and maternal birthweight ≥4000 g were independent risk factors for recurrent GDM. Conclusions GDM reoccurred in nearly half of women with a history of GDM. Risk factors for recurrent GDM and newly diagnosed GDM were different. Identifying additional factors for GDM recurrence can help guide clinical management for future pregnancies to prevent GDM recurrence.

Prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus using machine learning from birth cohort data of the Japan Environment and Children's Study

“…Recent studies examining the association between mothers’ birth weights and GDM revealed that mothers with low birth weights or macrosomia were at higher risk of GDM 33 . We identified mothers’ birth weights as factors with high VIP in the GDM-PH(−) group.…”

Prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus using machine learning from birth cohort study data: The Japan Environment and Children's Study

“…Recent studies examining the association between mothers' birth weights and GDM revealed that mothers with low birth weights or macrosomia were at higher risk of GDM [31]. We identi ed mothers' birth weights as factors with high VIP in the GDM-PH(-) group.…”

Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Women Attending an Antenatal Care Clinic in Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study

“…These factors include obesity, physical inactivity [ 8 ], advanced maternal age [ 9 ], multiparity, family history of T2DM, and certain ethnicities, including Asians [ 10 ], a previous macrocosmic child, GDM in the previous pregnancy [ 11 ], and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) [ 12 ]. As reported in a recent meta-analysis, overweight/obesity, hypothyroidism, PCOS, and a family history of DM qualify as convincing or highly suggestive risk factors for GDM [ 13 ]. GDM is diagnosed via the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which is recommended for pregnant women at high risk of GDM during early perinatal visits and all pregnant women between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy [ 11 ].…”