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Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative approach to psychological research with epistemological roots in phenomenology, hermeneutics and idiography. IPA involves an in‐depth focus on phenomena from the perspective of the lived experience of participants who are considered in their social and personal contexts. IPA has a strong history of use in health psychology and subsequently has become popular across a wide range of research areas. IPA has been used to explore the often complex psychological issues associated with genetic and genomic science and medicine. A range of experiential questions such as how individuals perceive risk, the quandaries associated with getting a genetic test, what is felt to be helpful in genetic counselling, how people understand genetic transmission such as in the case of gamete donation, and the experiences of those living with, or affected by, genetic conditions in a plethora of ways, have all been beneficially investigated. Key Concepts Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative approach to psychological research which allows researchers to conduct detailed explorations of how individuals make sense of their personal and social worlds. IPA is based on a commitment to explore, interpret and attempt to understand participants' situated experiences, rather than categorise, measure or quantify aspects of mental life. The psychological issues associated with genetics and genomics may be complex, emotive, dilemmatic and dynamic and present different demands upon psychological research from those generated by nongenetic areas of science and medicine. IPA was developed to be methodologically adaptive and versatile and is thus well suited to respond to the growing range of questions about health, reproduction and indeed human life generated by expanding genetic and genomic knowledge. IPA has been used to explore psychological aspects of genetics and genomics such as the perception of risk, experiences of genetic counselling, the complexities of living with a genetic condition both for affected individuals and also their families, carers and clinicians, questions associated with genetic testing and understandings of genetic transmission such as gamete donation or being a carrier of a genetic condition. Expanding genetic and genomic knowledge has led to increasing opportunities for researchers, clinicians and individuals to ask a growing range of questions about health, reproduction and indeed human life. As genetic and genomic science continues to develop, the sensitivity and flexibility conferred by IPA continue to offer a particular suitability towards this expanding area and the new or unfamiliar issues which may yet emerge.
Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative approach to psychological research with epistemological roots in phenomenology, hermeneutics and idiography. IPA involves an in‐depth focus on phenomena from the perspective of the lived experience of participants who are considered in their social and personal contexts. IPA has a strong history of use in health psychology and subsequently has become popular across a wide range of research areas. IPA has been used to explore the often complex psychological issues associated with genetic and genomic science and medicine. A range of experiential questions such as how individuals perceive risk, the quandaries associated with getting a genetic test, what is felt to be helpful in genetic counselling, how people understand genetic transmission such as in the case of gamete donation, and the experiences of those living with, or affected by, genetic conditions in a plethora of ways, have all been beneficially investigated. Key Concepts Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative approach to psychological research which allows researchers to conduct detailed explorations of how individuals make sense of their personal and social worlds. IPA is based on a commitment to explore, interpret and attempt to understand participants' situated experiences, rather than categorise, measure or quantify aspects of mental life. The psychological issues associated with genetics and genomics may be complex, emotive, dilemmatic and dynamic and present different demands upon psychological research from those generated by nongenetic areas of science and medicine. IPA was developed to be methodologically adaptive and versatile and is thus well suited to respond to the growing range of questions about health, reproduction and indeed human life generated by expanding genetic and genomic knowledge. IPA has been used to explore psychological aspects of genetics and genomics such as the perception of risk, experiences of genetic counselling, the complexities of living with a genetic condition both for affected individuals and also their families, carers and clinicians, questions associated with genetic testing and understandings of genetic transmission such as gamete donation or being a carrier of a genetic condition. Expanding genetic and genomic knowledge has led to increasing opportunities for researchers, clinicians and individuals to ask a growing range of questions about health, reproduction and indeed human life. As genetic and genomic science continues to develop, the sensitivity and flexibility conferred by IPA continue to offer a particular suitability towards this expanding area and the new or unfamiliar issues which may yet emerge.
Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by dysplastic nails, patella abnormalities, skeletal malformation, and chronic pain. Although chronic pain in NPS is mainly due to bone and musculoskeletal symptoms, it can also result from neurological dysfunction. Conventional analgesics are often insufficient to relieve NPS-associated chronic pain. Cannabinoids, which act on the serotonergic and/or noradrenergic pain systems, may therefore represent valuable non-psychoactive alternatives for managing pain in these patients. The effectiveness and safety of synthetic cannabidiol (CBD) for the management of NPS-associated pain was assessed using real-world data from a pilot cohort of patients with NPS who received a 3-month treatment with oral CBD. The treatment (median dose of 900 mg/day) was associated with a significant reduction in pain intensity (mean score of 7.04 ± 0.24 at initiation versus 4.04 ± 0.38 at 3 months, N = 28, p < 0.0001), which correlated with changes in the peripheral concentration of noradrenaline ( r = 0.705, 95% CI [0.44–0.86], p < 0.0001). Health-related quality of life and other NPS-associated symptoms also improved in most patients. CBD treatment was well tolerated and no elevations in liver enzyme levels were reported. Synthetic CBD therefore appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for managing NPS-associated chronic pain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-79239-9.
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