Difficulties and Problem-Solving Strategies in Wayfinding Among Adults With Cognitive Disabilities: A Look at the Bigger Picture

Abstract

Many people with cognitive disabilities avoid outside activities, apparently for fear of getting lost. However, little is known about the nature of the difficulties encountered and the ways in which these individuals deal with them. None of the few studies on wayfinding by people with cognitive disabilities have explored the various specific difficulties they meet in everyday life. Using both a qualitative and quantitative methodology, this study aimed at profiling the types of difficulties encountered in urban mobility and the associated problem-solving strategies. In order to provide more direct evidence from the field, we conducted semi-structured interviews using the critical incident technique (Flanagan, 1954). Among the 66 participants interviewed, 44 had cognitive disabilities and 22 were matched controls. The analysis of the transcripts showed in particular an overall reduced autonomy in problem-solving strategies for people with a cognitive disability. The multiple correspondence analysis highlighted three main types of complex situations, covering a comprehensive range of complex situations that are met in everyday life by these individuals. Results also indicated that people with cognitive disabilities request assistance from another person more frequently when a complex event occurs. These situations are discussed as potential cues for improvements in navigational aids. Conclusions and perspectives are provided to improve wayfinding among people with cognitive disabilities.

Design for enabling movement behavior of seniors with demen-tia: design (process) requirements based upon person-centered behavioral mapping technique

“…This is important because how we experience architecture, influences how we find our way around (e.g. Delgrange, et al, 2020;Ruotolo, et al, 2019).…”

“Everything looks the same”: wayfinding behaviour and experiences of stroke inpatients in rehabilitation clinics

“…Getting lost might also be dangerous, especially for patients with higher levels of physical, cognitive, and visual impairments, who have an increased risk of falls (Rabadi et al, 2008 ). At the same time, stroke patients undergoing recovery in rehabilitation clinics are preparing to return home, and training their wayfinding ability is essential for their everyday life (Delgrange et al, 2020 ). In addition to virtual reality navigation training that is increasingly being used in the treatment of stroke patients (Claessen, van der Ham et al, 2016 ; Kaplan et al, 2021 ; Morganti et al, 2019 ), finding their way independently in the real-life physical environment of rehabilitation clinics could potentially serve as a training ground for preparing patients for their return home.…”