“…A theoretical formula was proposed by Macagno (1953) to predict the wave transmission coefficient for a static box. Numerous similar types derived from the box-type breakwaters have been designed and studied, such as a floating breakwater with horizontal plates (Chen et al, 2012), an oscillating-water-column breakwater with a horizontal bottom-plate (Deng et al, 2019), a winged box-type floating breakwater (Liu et al, 2019), an L-type FB (Zhang et al, 2018), a rectangular FB with two legs (Masoudi and Gan, 2021), a rectangular FB with perforated structure (Duan et al, 2020;Ji et al, 2019;Ji et al, 2018a)), a regular pontoon with wing plates and porous media attached to the sides (Christensen et al, 2018) and an inverse T-type FB (Zhan et al, 2017). In addition, the structural response and effectiveness of a FB consisting of floating modules connected with flexible connectors and moored with inelastic mooring lines were investigated experimentally by Loukogeorgaki et al (2014).…”