Diffuse flow and conduit flow in limestone terrain in the Mendip Hills, Somerset (Great Britain)

Atkinson, T. C.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(77)90079-8

Cited by 423 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This dual-flow concept is described in the literature and widely used in karst studies (e.g. Shuster and White, 1971;Atkinson, 1977;White, 1988;Kiraly, 1998;Ford and Williams, 2007). Other researchers use a triple porosity concept for the description of karst aquifers, where groundwater flow is attributed to conduits, pores of the rock matrix and an intermediate flow system representing fissures and joints (e.g.…”

Section: Conceptual Model Of Nitrate Responses In Karst Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Huebsch

Fenton

Horan

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Nitrate (NO −3 ) contamination of groundwater associated with agronomic activity is of major concern in many countries. Where agriculture, thin free draining soils and karst aquifers coincide, groundwater is highly vulnerable to nitrate contamination. As residence times and denitrification potential in such systems are typically low, nitrate can discharge to surface waters unabated. However, such systems also react quickest to agricultural management changes that aim to improve water quality. In response to storm events, nitrate concentrations can alter significantly, i.e. rapidly decreasing or increasing concentrations. The current study examines the response of a specific karst spring situated on a grassland farm in South Ireland to rainfall events utilising high-resolution nitrate and discharge data together with onfarm borehole groundwater fluctuation data. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to formulate a scientific hypothesis of possible scenarios relating to nitrate responses during storm events, and to verify this hypothesis using additional case studies from the literature. This elucidates the controlling key factors that lead to mobilisation and/or dilution of nitrate concentrations during storm events. These were land use, hydrological condition and karstification, which in combination can lead to differential responses of mobilised and/or diluted nitrate concentrations. Furthermore, the results indicate that nitrate response in karst is strongly dependent on nutrient source, whether mobilisation and/or dilution occur and on the pathway taken. This will have consequences for the delivery of nitrate to a surface water receptor. The current study improves our understanding of nitrate responses in karst systems and therefore can guide environmental modellers, policy makers and drinking water managers with respect to the regulations of the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD). In future, more research should focus on the high-resolution monitoring of karst aquifers to capture the high variability of hydrochemical processes, which occur at time intervals of hours to days.

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Section: Conceptual Model Of Nitrate Responses In Karst Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Huebsch

Fenton

Horan

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Small karst fissures started to fill by a slow laminar or transitional flow regime (Atkinson, 1977). It should be noted that maximum groundwater level amplitude in deep and bare Dinaric karst can reach more than 120 m (Bonacci, 1987;Bonacci and Roje-Bonacci, 2000).…”

Section: Karst Flash Flood Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karst flash floods: an example from the Dinaric karst (Croatia)

Bonacci

Ljubenkov

Roje-Bonacci

2006

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

128

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Abstract. Flash floods constitute one of the deadliest and costliest natural disasters worldwide. This paper explains the karst flash flood phenomenon, which represents a special kind of flash flood. As the majority of flash floods karst flash floods are caused by intensive short-term precipitation in an area whose surface rarely exceeds a few square kilometres. The characteristics of all flash floods are their short duration, small areal extent, high flood peaks and rapid flows, and heavy loss of life and property. Karst flash floods have specific characteristics due to special conditions for water circulation, which exist in karst terrains. During karst flash floods a sudden rise of groundwater levels occurs, which causes the appearance of numerous, unexpected, abundant and temporary karst springs. This paper presents in detail an example of a karst flash flood in the Marina bay (Dinaric karst region of Croatia), which occurred in December 2004.

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“…The most obvious is the EIC value of 0.401 in July, which is greater than the value in June of 0.378. Because of the above, a new procedure for determination of monthly EIC based on use of the recession curve (Atkinson, 1977;Tallaksen, 1994;Lamb & Beven, 1997) is given herein. The rainfall in month j will influence the runoff in the following few months (/' + 1), (j + 2) etc.…”

Section: Monthly Eicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monthly and annual effective infiltration coefficients in Dinaric karst: example of the Gradole karst spring catchment

Bonacci¹

2001

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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The problems and present methods for the calculation of monthly and annual effective infiltration coefficients in Dinaric karst catchments which cover areas smaller than 200 km 2 are discussed. An example is given of the catchment of the Gradole karst spring, which covers 114 km 2 . The climate on the catchment is North Mediterranean, with average annual rainfall of 986 mm, average air temperature of 11.4°C, and average discharge from the Gradole Spring of 1.98 m 3 s" 1. All the data refer to a period from 1987 to 1998. An auto-correlation analysis is carried out of daily and monthly discharges from the spring and monthly rainfall on the catchment. Special attention has been given to determination of monthly effective infiltration coefficients. It was found that the time-scale effect makes it infeasible to use the equation for effective infiltration coefficient, because it gives values greater than 1 in 25% of cases, which is theoretically impossible. Therefore, two different procedures for calculation of monthly effective infiltration coefficients are given, out of which one uses the master depletion curve. This procedure gives acceptable and physically well-established values of mean long-term monthly effective infiltration coefficients. Obtained values can be used for regional analyses as well as for water resources management in karst regions. There was also a strong relationship between mean monthly air temperatures of the catchment and mean monthly effective infiltration coefficients. It is found that rainfall distribution during the year significantly influences the annual effective infiltration coefficients, which for the Gradole catchment ranges between 0.356 and 0.763 with the mean value of 0.57.

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Diffuse flow and conduit flow in limestone terrain in the Mendip Hills, Somerset (Great Britain)

Cited by 423 publications

References 7 publications

Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events

Karst flash floods: an example from the Dinaric karst (Croatia)

Monthly and annual effective infiltration coefficients in Dinaric karst: example of the Gradole karst spring catchment

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