Diffuse optical microscopy for quantification of depth-dependent epithelial backscattering in the cervix

Bodenschatz, N.; Lam, Stephanie; Carraro, Anita; Korbelik, Jagoda; Miller, Dianne; McAlpine, Jessica N.; Lee, Marette; Kienle, Alwin; MacAulay, Calum

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.066001

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In this regard, combinations with other techniques which feature an increased penetration depth or provide an additional form of contrast may add to the merits of cervical endomicroscopy. 29,30 This could allow for even better and more intuitive discrimination of the presented four diagnostic categories including moderate level precancers (CIN 2) and potentially also AIS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence confocal endomicroscopy of the cervix: pilot study on the potential and limitations for clinical implementation

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Current diagnostic capabilities and limitations of fluorescence endomicroscopy in the cervix are assessed by qualitative and quantitative image analysis. Four cervical tissue types are investigated: normal columnar epithelium, normal and precancerous squamous epithelium, and stromal tissue. This study focuses on the perceived variability within and the subtle differences between the four tissue groups in the context of endomicroscopic in vivo pathology. Conclusions are drawn on the general ability to distinguish and diagnose tissue types, on the need for imaging depth control to enhance differentiation, and on the possible risks for diagnostic misinterpretations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence confocal endomicroscopy of the cervix: pilot study on the potential and limitations for clinical implementation

et al. 2016

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“…Of importance to diagnostic imaging, it was recently shown that HSF can reveal superficial structures that were previously not observable with diffuse wide‐field imaging . Bodenschatz et al used diffuse optical microscopy, a method very similar to HSF, to show that backscattering signals encode information about the architecture and microsctructure in cancerous and precancerous epithelial tissue. A recent imaging‐probe implementation of this technique was used for the examination of cervical tissue , while a contact dermoscope implementation was used for the observation of skin lesions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bodenschatz et al used diffuse optical microscopy, a method very similar to HSF, to show that backscattering signals encode information about the architecture and microsctructure in cancerous and precancerous epithelial tissue. A recent imaging‐probe implementation of this technique was used for the examination of cervical tissue , while a contact dermoscope implementation was used for the observation of skin lesions . The latter study proposed color rendering of HSF images to communicate scatter‐based contrast features in an intuitive manner, but the scientific or diagnostic importance of color‐based perception of scatter‐based spectral signals is not yet well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide‐field color imaging of scatter‐based tissue contrast using both high spatial frequency illumination and cross‐polarization gating

Carlson

McClatchy

Gunn

et al. 2017

Journal of Biophotonics

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This study characterizes the scatter-specific tissue contrast that can be obtained by high spatial frequency (HSF) domain imaging and cross-polarization (CP) imaging, using a standard color imaging system, and how combining them may be beneficial. Both HSF and CP approaches are known to modulate the sensitivity of epi-illumination reflectance images between diffuse multiply scattered and superficially backscattered photons, providing enhanced contrast from microstructure and composition than what is achieved by standard wide-field imaging. Measurements in tissue-simulating optical phantoms show that CP imaging returns localized assessments of both scattering and absorption effects, while HSF has uniquely specific sensitivity to scatter-only contrast, with a strong suppression of visible contrast from blood. The combination of CP and HSF imaging provided an expanded sensitivity to scatter compared with CP imaging, while rejecting specular reflections detected by HSF imaging. ex vivo imaging of an atlas of dissected rodent organs/tissues demonstrated the scatter-based contrast achieved with HSF, CP and HSF-CP imaging, with the white light spectral signal returned by each approach translated to a color image for intuitive encoding of scatter-based contrast within images of tissue. The results suggest that visible CP-HSF imaging could have the potential to aid diagnostic imaging of lesions in skin or mucosal tissues and organs, where just CP is currently the standard practice imaging modality.

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“…Image quality may also be improved in the future with enhanced suppression of internal specular reflections using a microscope objective designed for epi-illumination as well as a camera with higher dynamic range. Further studies are needed to confirm the sensitivity of DOM to high nuclear density in cancer [206].…”

Section: Diffuse Optical Microscopy (Dom)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In DOM, multiple laterally structured sinusoidal projection patterns are employed to quantify tissue light backscattering. Figure 7 shows the DOM [206].…”

Section: Diffuse Optical Microscopy (Dom)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Established and Emerging Optical Technologies for the Real-Time Detection of Cervical Neoplasia: A Review

Hill¹,

Lam²,

Lane³

et al. 2017

JCT

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Cervical cancer remains a critically important problem for women, especially those women in the developing world where the case-fatality rate is high. There are an estimated 528,000 cases and 266,000 deaths worldwide. Established screening and detection programs in the developed world have lowered the mortality from 40/100,000 to 2/100,000 over the last 60 years. The standard of care has been and continues to be: a screening Papanicolaou smear with or without Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) testing; followed by colposcopy and biopsies and if the smear is abnormal; and followed by treatment if the biopsies show high grade disease (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2 and 3 and Carcinoma-in-situ). Low grade lesions (Pap smears with Atypical Cells of Uncertain Significance (ASCUS), Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LGSIL), biopsies showing HPV changes or showing CIN 1); are usually followed for two years and then treated if persistent. Treatment can be performed with loop excision, LASER, or cryotherapy. Loop excision yields a specimen which can be reviewed to establish the diagnosis more accurately. LASER vaporizes the lesion and cryotherapy leads to tissue destruction. Under long term study; loop excision, LASER, and cryotherapy have the same rate of cure. The standard of care is expensive and takes 6 -12 weeks for the individual patient. During the last twenty years, new technologies that can view the cervix and even image the cervix with cellular resolution have been developed. These technologies could lead to a new paradigm in which diagnosis and treatment occurs at a single visit. These technologies include fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy (probe or wide-field, whole cervix scanning approaches) and fluorescence confocal endomicroscopy or high resolution micro-endoscopy.

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Diffuse optical microscopy for quantification of depth-dependent epithelial backscattering in the cervix

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Fluorescence confocal endomicroscopy of the cervix: pilot study on the potential and limitations for clinical implementation

Fluorescence confocal endomicroscopy of the cervix: pilot study on the potential and limitations for clinical implementation

Wide‐field color imaging of scatter‐based tissue contrast using both high spatial frequency illumination and cross‐polarization gating

Established and Emerging Optical Technologies for the Real-Time Detection of Cervical Neoplasia: A Review

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