Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis syndrome in a German most likely caused by the raccoon roundworm,Baylisascaris procyonis

Küchle, Michael; Knorr, H. L. J.; Medenblik-Frysch, Sofia; Weber, A.; Bauer, C.; Naumann, G. O. H.

doi:10.1007/bf01681701

Cited by 72 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Further increasing the risk for human infection is the keeping of raccoons as pets or obtaining them for zoos or wildlife parks or for other reasons. This has led to at least two cases of ocular larva migrans (74,75) and the introduction of B. procyonis into new areas, including Europe, Japan, and, more recently, China (76,77,78). Dogs and exotic carnivores (e.g., kinkajous [Potos flavus] and coatis [Nasua spp.])…”

Section: Raccoons As Source Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both raccoons and B. procyonis have been introduced into other parts of the world, including Europe and parts of Asia, where cases of neural larva migrans have also been seen in animals or humans (1,9,75,77). Early raccoon introductions into Germany and the former Soviet Union for hunting and the fur trade led to a gradual spread into other areas, and now these animals are present in at least 20 European countries (9,87).…”

Section: Geographic Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…DUSN is characterized by vison loss, papillitis, vitritis, and recurrent crops of gray-white retinal lesions. Later, progressive vison loss, optic nerve atrophy, retinal vessel narrowing, and diffuse retinal pigment epithelial degeneration develop (2,22,31,75,108). Other than the characteristic lesions, a diagnosis is established by direct visualization of the intraocular parasites, and one key aspect is their size.…”

Section: Olmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other than the characteristic lesions, a diagnosis is established by direct visualization of the intraocular parasites, and one key aspect is their size. Nematode larvae that cause DUSN are typically separated into two size ranges, "small" (500 to 700 m in length) and "large" (1,500 to 2,000 m in length), and Baylisascaris is considered the primary etiological agent of the lat- OLM-DUSN shortly after they obtained pet raccoons (74,75). Cases have occurred in residents or hunters in rural areas (22,109,112) and in suburban areas (36,38,40,105) as well as in a highly urban area (New York City) (31,114).…”

Section: Olmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on Baylisascariasis, a Highly Pathogenic Zoonotic Infection

2016

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SUMMARYBaylisascaris procyonis, the raccoon roundworm, infects a wide range of vertebrate animals, including humans, in which it causes a particularly severe type of larva migrans. It is an important cause of severe neurologic disease (neural larva migrans [NLM]) but also causes ocular disease (OLM; diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis [DUSN]), visceral larva migrans (VLM), and covert/asymptomatic infections.B. procyonisis common and widespread in raccoons, and there is increasing recognition of human disease, making a clinical consideration of baylisascariasis important. This review provides an update for this disease, especially its clinical relevance and diagnosis, and summarizes the clinical cases of human NLM and VLM known to date. Most diagnosed patients have been young children less than 2 years of age, although the number of older patients diagnosed in recent years has been increasing. The recent development of recombinant antigen-based serodiagnostic assays has aided greatly in the early diagnosis of this infection. Patients recovering with fewer severe sequelae have been reported in recent years, reinforcing the current recommendation that early treatment with albendazole and corticosteroids should be initiated at the earliest suspicion of baylisascariasis. Considering the seriousness of this zoonotic infection, greater public and medical awareness is critical for the prevention and early treatment of human cases.

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Section: Raccoons As Source Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographic Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Olmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Olmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on Baylisascariasis, a Highly Pathogenic Zoonotic Infection

2016

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“…Especially important parasite in zoonotic aspects is raccoon roundworm -Baylisascaris procyonis. This nematode is known as a reason of larva migrans in many animal species, also in humans, causing fatal neurological or ocular syndrome (12,16,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal helminths of raccoons (Procyon lotor) in western Poland (Lubuskie province) - with particular regard to Baylisascaris procyonis

Karamon

Kochanowski

Cencek

et al. 2014

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in raccoons with particular regard to zoonotic parasites. Fifty-five raccoons, hunted or found dead on roads, were examined. The small and large intestines were collected from all raccoons and, additionally, the stomach was collected from 43 animals. The samples were examined with the use of sedimentation and counting technique. The intestines and stomach were examined separately. Samples of raccoon faeces were collected from their environment localised in Słubice district, Lubuskie province (Poland). The samples were collected once a month in 2012. In total, 154 faecal samples were obtained and examined with the use of McMaster flotation technique. The following parasites were detected in the intestinal and stomach contents: tapeworms Mesocestoides spp. (67.3%), Echinostomatidae flukes (34.5%), and nematodes Capillaria spp. (25.5%). Moreover, Acanthocephala were found in the intestines of three raccoons. The highest intensity of infection were observed in case of Mesocestoides spp. Mesocestoides spp. and Echinostomatidae were found statistically more often in the intestines than in the stomach. In the case of these two parasites, there was positive correlation between the intensity of infection in the intestines and the presence of the same parasites in the stomach. Moreover, significantly higher prevalence and intensity of Mesocestoides spp. in males than in females were also observed. Faecal samples contained Baylisascaris procyonis eggs (mean 60 epg). These eggs were found in three samples collected in November and December. Furthermore, in some faecal samples eggs of flukes, Capillaria spp., Mesocystoides spp., and coccidian oocysts were found. It is one of rare reports concerning Baylisascaris procyonis in Poland confirming the presence of this dangerous parasite in Polish raccoon population.

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Diffuse Bilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis

Souza

Abujamra²,

Nakashima³

et al. 1999

Arch Ophthalmol

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To describe the first patient with documented evidence of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) in both eyes. Methods: A 10-year-old healthy Brazilian girl was first seen with signs of late-stage DUSN in both eyes. A careful search for a nematode was performed in each eye. Results: A motile 550-to 660-µm nematode was found in the inferotemporal retina of the left eye. A similar-sized motile nematode was found in the superotemporal retina of the right eye. Both nematodes were treated with argon green laser applications with bilateral improvement of visual function. Conclusion: Although most patients with DUSN do not develop the disease in the fellow eye, this case demonstrates that DUSN can occasionally affect both eyes.

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Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis syndrome in a German most likely caused by the raccoon roundworm,Baylisascaris procyonis

Cited by 72 publications

References 15 publications

Update on Baylisascariasis, a Highly Pathogenic Zoonotic Infection

Update on Baylisascariasis, a Highly Pathogenic Zoonotic Infection

Gastrointestinal helminths of raccoons (Procyon lotor) in western Poland (Lubuskie province) - with particular regard to Baylisascaris procyonis

Diffuse Bilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis

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