Diffusion at Short Circuits: State of the Art

Abstract

Evidence for solid-state diffusion (the second half of the 19th century). The first measurements of solid state diffusion (W. Roberts-Austen, 1896–1922). The first tracer experiments to determine the solid-state diffusion (G. von Hevesy, 1913–1923). The first evidence of accelerated diffusion in polycrystalline materials (1924–1935). Autoradiographic studies of grain boundary diffusion (50s of 20th century). The first quantitative experimental and theoretical studies of the “short circuiting” diffusion (beginning from 1949, D. Turnbull and R. Hoffman – General Electric Research Lab.): radiotracer serial sectioning method, the Fisher model (1951) for grain boundary diffusion, exact solutions and developments of the Fisher model (1954–1963). The progress in the experimental methods for determination of grain boundary diffusion data and results of measurements for different metallic systems (up to date). The measurements of grain boundary diffusion parameters in the B and C regimes. Grain boundary diffusion and grain boundary segregation. Nonlinear segregation effects. Structural effects of grain boundary diffusion. Diffusion in bicrystals. Diffusion in nanocrystals. Computer simulation of grain boundary diffusion. Mechanisms of grain boundary diffusion.

Concentration Profiles for Grain Boundary Diffusion in B-Regime with Regard to the Formation of Atomic Complexes in Grain Boundary

“…Hence, GB segregation decreases GB diffusivity. A large number of experiments affirm this conclusion [4,5].…”

Grain Boundary Diffusion, Stresses and Segregation

“…(5) Hence, D i depends on c i and positive deviations from ideality result in decrease of D i comparing with D * i [11]. But if we include the dependence of Gibbs excess energy G E on concentration and temperature (model of associated solution [11])…”

Analysis of Local and Global Segregation Occurring in Grain Boundary Diffusion

“…There are numerous excellent texts and review articles available [1][2][3][4][5][6] that provide clear descriptions of the general aspects of GB diffusion phenomena and the interpretation of GB diffusion experimental measurements and numerical simulations. In [7,8] instructive overviews on combined GB diffusion measurements in Harrison Type-C and Type-B regimes have been presented.…”