Diffusion behavior of Ag electrodes into (Bi&lt;sub&gt;1/2&lt;/sub&gt;Na&lt;sub&gt;1/2&lt;/sub&gt;)TiO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; ceramics

Iwagami, Naoki; Nagata, Hajime; Sakaguchi, Isao; Takenaka, Tadashi

doi:10.2109/jcersj2.16016

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Evidence of interdiffusion due to co‐firing has previously been observed in lead‐based piezoceramic composite systems: (i) between ceramic layers and (ii) from the electrode to the ceramic . In lead‐free composites, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations have shown at least two different types of grains, which was attributed to the presence of chemically distinct seed and matrix grains .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Multilayer lead‐free piezoceramic composites: Influence of co‐firing on microstructure and electromechanical behavior

et al. 2017

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In this study lead-free 2-2 and 0-3 ceramic/ceramic composites comprised of the non-ergodic relaxor 0.93(Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 -0.07BaTiO 3 and ergodic relaxor 0.94Bi 0.5 (Na 0.75 K 0.25 ) 0.5 TiO 3 -0.06BiAlO 3 were investigated. The macroscopic electromechanical behavior was characterized as a function of continuent content, revealing an enhancement in the unipolar strain from the multilayer composite structure. Systematic evaluation of the effects of co-sintering on microstructural properties, such as grain size and porosity, revealed potential mechanisms by which the increase in unipolar strain was achieved. In addition, interdiffusion between the constituents was observed, providing evidence for the formation of a functionally graded ceramic by co-sintering. These data are contrasted with highresolution energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis for measurement of chemical composition across the interface of 2-2 ceramics. These findings provide insight into how synthesis routes can be optimized for tailoring the enhancement of electromechanical properties of lead-free electroceramic composite systems. K E Y W O R D S composites, ferroelectricity/ferroelectric materials, laminates, piezoelectric materials/properties, sinter/ sintering

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Multilayer lead‐free piezoceramic composites: Influence of co‐firing on microstructure and electromechanical behavior

et al. 2017

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“…Additionally, the diffusion behavior of Ag, as the electrode material in dense BNT-based ceramics have been studied. 11) And it showed that the grain boundary diffusion of Ag was so fast into BNT ceramics. 11) Based on these reports, 10)12) low-temperature sintering of BNT-based ceramics is indispensable for the co-firing of internal electrodes and BNT-based ceramics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity and electrical properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis using Bi and Ti oxides

Harada

Takagi

Nagata

2023

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Fine and homogeneous ceramic powders of bismuth sodium titanate, (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 (BNT), were prepared via a hydrothermal synthesis process by using the Bi 2 O 3 and TiO 2 as starting raw materials. In particularly, hydrothermal conditions such as hydrothermal temperature, time and NaOH-aq concentration were controlled and optimized to obtain the fine and homogeneous BNT particles with single perovskite structure. Then, the appropriate hydrothermal conditions were optimized and obtained as NaOH-aq concentration of 12 M, and 240 °C for 24 h in hydrothermal process. Synthesized BNT powders under these conditions shows a single perovskite structure and have uniform spherical shape with the fine particle size of 200 nm in diameter. By using those hydrothermal BNT powders, dense BNT ceramics with more than 95 % of relative density could be obtained after the sintering at 1050 °C for 2 h. Then, the BNT ceramic shows a homogeneous microstructure with 2.8 ¯m of the grain size from the SEM observation. An electromechanical coupling coefficient k 33 = 0.44 and piezoelectric constant d 33 = 83 pC/N were calculated from the resonance and anti-resonance method on the BNT ceramic synthesized by the hydrothermal process and sintered at 1050 °C for 2 h. These values are almost comparable with the k 33 and d 33 values on the conventional BNT ceramics by the dry process sintered at 1140 °C for 2 h.

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“…In addition, the diffusion behavior of Ag as an electrode material, was investigated using SIMS. 27) The diffusion of Ag at the grain boundaries significantly affected the chemical and physical strengths of the grain boundaries of the BNT ceramics. The diffusion coefficient of BNT ceramics is almost the same as that of Pb-based ceramics at the grain boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature sintering mechanism and electrical properties of CuO-added (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics

Ojima

Iwasaki

Harada

et al. 2023

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Lead-free ferroelectric and piezoelectric ceramics, (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 (BNT) ceramics doped with 1.0 wt % CuO (BNT + CuO) were prepared by the controlling the sintering temperature from 890 to 1140 °C. CuO is widely used as a sintering aid because of the formation of a liquid phase in various dielectric ceramics. In this study, we examined the electrical properties of BNT + CuO and discussed the low-temperature sintering mechanism. In addition, the role of CuO was clarified. As a result, the relative density of BNT + CuO sintered at 940 °C was 98 %. In addition, the electrical properties such as electromechanical coupling coefficient k 33 , piezoelectric constant d 33 , and depolarization temperature T d were 0.46, 75 pC/N, and 170 °C, respectively. These values are comparable to those of BNT ceramics sintered at 1140 °C, which is a typical sintering temperature. Therefore, the 1.0 wt % CuO addition enabled BNT ceramics to be sintered at an approximately 200 °C lower temperature. Moreover, to clarify the role of CuO, the compositions of BNT + CuO ceramics sintered at 940 °C were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). A Cu-derived component was observed at the triple point of grains and these components contained Cu, Na, Ti, and O ions rather than Cu alone. That is, the melting point of CuO is lowered by its combination with Na and Ti ions and then the NaCu TiO compound forms a liquid phase. Thus, by the addition of CuO, the formation of liquid-phase NaCuTiO compounds led to sintering BNT ceramics at 200 °C lower temperature.

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Diffusion behavior of Ag electrodes into (Bi<sub>1/2</sub>Na<sub>1/2</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Multilayer lead‐free piezoceramic composites: Influence of co‐firing on microstructure and electromechanical behavior

Multilayer lead‐free piezoceramic composites: Influence of co‐firing on microstructure and electromechanical behavior

Reactivity and electrical properties of (Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis using Bi and Ti oxides

Low-temperature sintering mechanism and electrical properties of CuO-added (Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics

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