Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics: 2. Finite vehicle volume and solvent deposited solids

The Transient Dermal Exposure: Theory and Experimental Examples Using Skin and Silicone Membranes

“…Dlð1 À e ÀsT 1 Þ cosh½lðh À xÞ s sinhðlhÞ (5) and the mass accumulation per unit area below the skin is:…”

“…Some previous studies have not employed large doses but instead have examined the finite dose regime, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] where a small amount of chemical is applied to the skin and its disposition is followed as the dose depletes from the skin surface through absorption and possibly evaporation. In the present study, we investigate a related but different exposure scenario.…”

Finite dose skin mass balance including the lateral part: Comparison between experiment, pharmacokinetic modeling and diffusion models

“…The same holds true for the works by Kasting et al [24,34] which focused on volatile compounds and thus did only supply mass balance information about the skin as a whole tissue [36,37] and, in a further study, about the epidermis and dermis [38]. For the modeling part, the aforementioned works belong to the class of one-dimensional diffusion models, e.g., [39][40][41][42]23]. The primary focus in these works was on absorption, i.e., mass accumulation in the acceptor, however.…”

“…The model equation is given by [22] Similar models have been discussed in the literature, e.g. [23,24]. However, the finite dose model employed in this work is to the best of our knowledge the first model considering the microscopic structure of the stratum corneum.…”

Dynamics of diffusion with reversible binding in microscopically heterogeneous membranes: General theory and applications to dermal penetration

“…Anissimov and Roberts, 2001;Kasting, 2001). These conditions account explicitly for solute depletion and accumulation, respectively, in the (generally finite-size) donor and acceptor solution compartments.…”