Diffusion of antimicrobials in multispecies biofilms evaluated in a new biofilm model

Waal, Suzette V. van der; Almeida, Josiane de; Krom, Bastiaan P.; Soet, J.J. de

doi:10.1111/iej.12634

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The Zürich model with five bacterial species (plus/ minus Candida albicans) is one of the most widely used [35]. Recently, an in vitro biofilm was grown from the saliva of a single donor for 48 h, to study the diffusion of antimicrobials in oral biofilms [13]. This is similar to our model but the biofilm was grown in narrow (100 μm) channels and not on composite or BE specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…To each well, we added 250 µl of saliva and 50 µl cell-free filtrate of the corresponding saliva sample as a nutritional source. The microtiter plates were sealed and incubated under strictly anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 48 h. Anaerobic conditions were chosen because previous studies have established that most oral bacteria grow when such conditions are selected [13,14]. After 48 h, the in vitro specimens were collected and biofilm-like structures were verified for a few representative specimens by live/dead staining as above.…”

Section: Overall Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep sequencing of biofilm microbiomes on dental composite materials

Conrads

Wendt

Hetrodt

et al. 2019

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Background: The microbiome on dental composites has not been studied in detail before. It has not been conclusively clarified whether restorative materials influence the oral microbiome. Methods: We used Illumina Miseq next-generation sequencing of the 16S V1-V2 region to compare the colonisation patterns of bovine enamel (BE) and the composite materials Grandio Flow (GF) and Grandio Blocs (GB) after 48 h in vivo in 14 volunteers. Applying a new method to maintain the oral microbiome ex vivo for 48 h also, we compared the microbiome on GF alone and with the new antimicrobial substance carolacton (GF+C). Results: All in vitro biofilm communities showed a higher diversity and richness than those grown in vivo but the very different atmospheric conditions must be considered. Contrary to expectations, there were only a few significant differences between BE and the composite materials GB and GF either in vivo or in vitro: Oribacterium, Peptostreptococcaceae [XI][G-1] and Streptococcus mutans were more prevalent and Megasphaera, Prevotella oulorum, Veillonella atypica, V. parvula, Gemella morbillorum, and Fusobacterium periodonticum were less prevalent on BE than on composites. In vivo, such preferences were only significant for Granulicatella adiacens (more prevalent on BE) and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis (more prevalent on composites). On DNA sequence level, there were no significant differences between the biofilm communities on GF and GF+C. Conclusion: We found that the oral microbiome showed an increased richness when grown on various composites compared to BE in vitro, but otherwise changed only slightly independent of the in vivo or in vitro condition. Our new ex vivo biofilm model might be useful for pre-clinical testing of preventive strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Overall Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep sequencing of biofilm microbiomes on dental composite materials

Conrads

Wendt

Hetrodt

et al. 2019

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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“…However, EDTA is a chelator, able to loosen calcium or other metal ions bound in the biofilm matrix (van der Waal & van der Sluis 2012), and thus able to affect the biofilm structure. Also, EDTA promotes biofilm detachment and can diffuse throughout the biofilm (de Almeida et al 2016, van der Waal et al 2017. A significant increase in the relative importance of the EPS-related material (E 3 ) was found after application of EDTA on the initially cell-rich but EPS-poor biofilms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical biofilm removal capacity of endodontic irrigants as a function of biofilm structure: optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy and viscoelasticity determination as integrated assessment tools

Petridis²,

et al. 2018

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Aim To investigate the influence of biofilm structure on the biofilm removal capacity of endodontic irrigants and to study changes in the architecture of the remaining biofilms. Methodology Streptococcus oralis J22 and Actinomyces naeslundii T14V‐J1 were cocultured under different growth conditions on saliva‐coated hydroxyapatite discs. A constant depth film fermenter (CDFF) was used to grow steady‐state 4‐day biofilms. Biofilms were grown under static conditions for 4 and 10 days within a confined space. Twenty microlitres of 2% NaOCl, 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX), 17% Ethylene‐diamine‐tetra‐acetic acid (EDTA) and buffer were applied statically on the biofilms for 60 s. Biofilm removal was evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Post‐treated biofilms were assessed via low load compression testing (LLCT) and Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Optical coherence tomography data were analysed through a two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Low load compression testing and CLSM data were analysed through one‐way ANOVA and Dunnett's post hoc test. The level of significance was set at a < 0.05. Results The initial biofilm structure affected the biofilm removal capacity of the irrigants. NaOCl demonstrated the greatest chemical efficacy against the biofilms and was significantly more effective on the static than the CDFF biofilms (P < 0.001). CHX was ineffective and caused a rearrangement of the biofilm structure. Ethylene‐diamine‐tetra‐acetic acid exhibited a distinct removal effect only on the CDFF biofilms. Biofilm age influenced the structure of the remaining biofilms. The 4‐day grown remaining biofilms had a significantly different viscoelastic pattern compared to the respective 10‐day grown biofilms (P ≤ 0.01), especially in the NaOCl‐treated group. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis confirmed the CHX‐induced biofilm structural rearrangement. Conclusions Biofilm structure is an influential factor on the chemical efficacy of endodontic irrigants. Optical coherence tomography allows biofilm removal characteristics to be studied. NaOCl should remain the primary irrigant. Ethylene‐diamine‐tetra‐acetic acid was effective against cell‐rich/EPS‐poor biofilms. Chlorhexidine did not remove biofilm, but rather rearranged its structure.

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“…Its ability to form a robust biofilm as part of the infection makes it chronic and difficult to treat. The difficulty arises due to the production of a self-secreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that form a protective matrix around the bacterial cells [1,2]. Therefore, the need for alternatives to antibiotic treatment for this pathogen is becoming more apparent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of inhaled hybrid silver/ciprofloxacin nanoparticles with synergetic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Al-Obaidi

Kalgudi

Zariwala

2018

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

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Ciprofloxacin (CFX) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used as a first line treatment against infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumonia that are commonly acquired by cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, no inhalation formulation is currently available for ciprofloxacin. Hybrid silica coated silver nanoparticles were prepared using Stöber reaction and the optimum ratio of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate was used to encapsulate CFX. Particle deposition was assessed in vitro using twin stage impinger while antimicrobial activity was evaluated based on the planktonic growth of P. aeruginosa as well as against P. aeruginosa sp biofilm formation. In vitro deposition results showed significant deposition in stage 2 using twin stage impinger (TSI) (∼70%). Compared to CFX, the formed hybrid nanoparticles were 3-4 folds more effective against inhibiting growth and biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa PAO1 and P. aeruginosa NCTC 10662.

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Diffusion of antimicrobials in multispecies biofilms evaluated in a new biofilm model

Abstract: This new model enables the investigation of the diffusion of antimicrobials in biofilms. Other applications to improve our understanding of the characteristics of biofilms are now possible.

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Deep sequencing of biofilm microbiomes on dental composite materials

Deep sequencing of biofilm microbiomes on dental composite materials

Chemical biofilm removal capacity of endodontic irrigants as a function of biofilm structure: optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy and viscoelasticity determination as integrated assessment tools

Fabrication of inhaled hybrid silver/ciprofloxacin nanoparticles with synergetic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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